Micronutrient Hunger or Hidden Hunger Among Infants and Young Children on Healthy Diets.

Abstract

"Hidden Hunger" refers to micronutrient deficiencies that are not necessarily reflected in anthropometric measurements and thus remain hidden. It affects 2 billion people globally, and occurs among infants and young children on a "healthy diet," as perceived by family members. Hidden hunger is recognizable with a high index of suspicion and hence the term "micronutrient hunger" has been proposed. Its effects are significant and include physical and mental impairment, poor health, low productivity, morbidity, and mortality. Data reported in the Global Hunger Index and Global Hidden Hunger Index are eye-openers in this context. Maternal deficiencies, changing breastfeeding trends, suboptimum infant and young child feeding practices, and universal availability and popularization of junk food result in emerging and re-emerging nutritional disorders that need to be addressed urgently. Strategies for addressing micronutrient malnutrition include supplementation, fortification, and dietary diversification. These interventions have benefits but are limited by context and resources. In the Indian context, universal salt iodization is successful; however, iron and folic acid supplementation for several decades has not produced the desired results. A multisectoral approach advocated at national and international levels with cross-disciplinary support is recommended. An overview of these issues along with practical solutions are highlighted in this manuscript.