Evaluation and Modeling of Image Sharpness of Chinese Gaofen-1/2/6/7 Optical Remote-Sensing Satellites Over Time

IF 4.7 2区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3490738

Jiayang Cao;Litao Li;Yonghua Jiang;Xin Shen;Deren Li;Meilin Tan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Image sharpness assesses detail visibility in remote-sensing images and measures sensors' details resolution capability. Sensor aging and environmental changes can degrade image sharpness and quality. The Gaofen (GF) satellites provide diverse remote-sensing imagery, but evaluations of their sharpness are limited. In this study, for the GF1/2/6/7 optical remote-sensing satellites in the space-based system of the China High-Resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) major special project, we evaluated the relative edge response (RER), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and modulation transfer function (MTF) of the images, using nearly ten years of ground target image data. This measures image sharpness and models how it changes over time with different sensors. Within ten years of on-orbit operation, the RER and MTF (@Nyquist frequency) of GF1/2 are 0.51 and 0.50, and 0.15 and 0.11, respectively. This indicated good image edge and high-frequency detail responsiveness, with FWHM of 1.16 and 1.17, respectively, showing a slight image sharpening. For GF6, the RER, MTF (@Nyquist frequency), and FWHM were 0.42, 0.09, and 1.39, indicating improved sharpening compared with GF1/2 but decreased edge and high-frequency detail response. The RER, MTF (@Nyquist frequency), and FWHM of the panchromatic images of GF7 were 0.32, 0.04, and 1.91, which indicate image blur. Meanwhile, the corresponding indicators for the multispectral images were 0.45, 0.14, and 1.40, better than the panchromatic images. Long-term data showed periodic sharpness variations in satellite images, with GF6s stability and minimal track differences being superior. The dynamic change pattern corresponds to a fourth-order polynomial model.

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中国高分一号/二号/六号/七号光学遥感卫星图像清晰度随时间变化的评估与建模

图像清晰度评估遥感图像的细节可见度，衡量传感器的细节分辨率能力。传感器老化和环境变化会降低图像清晰度和质量。高分（GF）卫星提供了多种遥感图像，但对其清晰度的评估却很有限。在这项研究中，我们利用近十年的地面目标图像数据，对中国高分辨率对地观测系统（CHEOS）重大专项天基系统中的 GF1/2/6/7 光学遥感卫星进行了图像相对边缘响应（RER）、半最大全宽（FWHM）和调制传递函数（MTF）的评估。这可以测量图像清晰度，并模拟不同传感器的图像清晰度随时间的变化情况。在十年的在轨运行期间，GF1/2 的 RER 和 MTF（@奈奎斯特频率）分别为 0.51 和 0.50，以及 0.15 和 0.11。这表明图像边缘和高频细节响应良好，FWHM 分别为 1.16 和 1.17，显示图像略有锐化。对于 GF6，RER、MTF（@奈奎斯特频率）和 FWHM 分别为 0.42、0.09 和 1.39，表明与 GF1/2 相比，图像锐度有所提高，但边缘和高频细节响应有所下降。GF7 全色图像的 RER、MTF（@奈奎斯特频率）和 FWHM 分别为 0.32、0.04 和 1.91，表明图像模糊。而多光谱图像的相应指标分别为 0.45、0.14 和 1.40，优于全色图像。长期数据显示，卫星图像的清晰度呈周期性变化，GF6s 的稳定性和最小轨迹差异更胜一筹。动态变化模式与四阶多项式模型相对应。

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来源期刊

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 地学-成像科学与照相技术

CiteScore

9.30

自引率

10.90%

发文量

563

审稿时长

4.7 months

期刊介绍： The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing addresses the growing field of applications in Earth observations and remote sensing, and also provides a venue for the rapidly expanding special issues that are being sponsored by the IEEE Geosciences and Remote Sensing Society. The journal draws upon the experience of the highly successful “IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing” and provide a complementary medium for the wide range of topics in applied earth observations. The ‘Applications’ areas encompasses the societal benefit areas of the Global Earth Observations Systems of Systems (GEOSS) program. Through deliberations over two years, ministers from 50 countries agreed to identify nine areas where Earth observation could positively impact the quality of life and health of their respective countries. Some of these are areas not traditionally addressed in the IEEE context. These include biodiversity, health and climate. Yet it is the skill sets of IEEE members, in areas such as observations, communications, computers, signal processing, standards and ocean engineering, that form the technical underpinnings of GEOSS. Thus, the Journal attracts a broad range of interests that serves both present members in new ways and expands the IEEE visibility into new areas.