Ratcheting behaviour of Stellite 21 as laser cladding material for flange tip lift crossings repair

IF 5.7 2区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Fatigue Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2024.108726

Alvin Hiew , Phyo Thu Maung , B.Gangadhara Prusty , Quan Lai , Chung Lun Pun , Ralph Abrahams , Wenyi Yan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Laser cladding holds the promise to repair damaged rails, including flange tip lift crossings (FTLC) in tram rails. In order to further understand the effectiveness of laser cladding against rail damage, this study investigated the ratcheting behaviour of the laser cladding alloy Stellite 21, used in FTLC repairs, in comparison to the currently used rail steel grade R260. Experimental studies were conducted under uniaxial and biaxial stress-controlled cyclic loads. The study found that under identical uniaxial stress conditions, Stellite 21 exhibits superior ratcheting behaviour compared to R260 steel. Various mean stresses and stress amplitudes were also studied, revealing that increases in mean stresses or stress amplitudes resulted in higher ratcheting strains and ratcheting strain rates. Additionally, biaxial compression-torsion cyclic loading tests were performed on the R260 to replicate real-life stress conditions. The results indicated that the direction of plastic strain accumulation depended on the direction of the applied non-zero mean stress. The findings from this study are essential for calibration of parameters of cyclic plasticity models, which can be used to simulate ratcheting performance of laser-cladded FTLCs under in-service conditions for the prediction of fatigue crack initiation life and maintenance requirements of flange tip lift crossings.

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作为激光熔覆材料的 Stellite 21 的棘轮特性，用于法兰顶端提升交叉点修复

激光熔覆技术有望修复受损钢轨，包括有轨电车钢轨的凸缘顶端提升交叉点（FTLC）。为了进一步了解激光熔覆在防止钢轨损坏方面的效果，本研究将用于 FTLC 修复的激光熔覆合金 Stellite 21 与目前使用的钢轨钢级 R260 进行了对比，对其棘轮行为进行了研究。实验研究是在单轴和双轴应力控制循环载荷下进行的。研究发现，在相同的单轴应力条件下，与 R260 钢相比，Stellite 21 表现出更优越的棘轮特性。还对各种平均应力和应力振幅进行了研究，结果表明，平均应力或应力振幅的增加会导致更高的棘轮应变和棘轮应变率。此外，还对 R260 进行了双轴压缩-扭转循环加载试验，以模拟现实生活中的应力条件。结果表明，塑性应变累积的方向取决于所施加的非零平均应力的方向。这项研究的结果对于周期塑性模型参数的校准至关重要，该模型可用于模拟激光包覆 FTLC 在使用条件下的棘轮性能，以预测疲劳裂纹起始寿命和法兰端部升降横梁的维护要求。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Fatigue 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

21.70%

发文量

619

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： Typical subjects discussed in International Journal of Fatigue address: Novel fatigue testing and characterization methods (new kinds of fatigue tests, critical evaluation of existing methods, in situ measurement of fatigue degradation, non-contact field measurements) Multiaxial fatigue and complex loading effects of materials and structures, exploring state-of-the-art concepts in degradation under cyclic loading Fatigue in the very high cycle regime, including failure mode transitions from surface to subsurface, effects of surface treatment, processing, and loading conditions Modeling (including degradation processes and related driving forces, multiscale/multi-resolution methods, computational hierarchical and concurrent methods for coupled component and material responses, novel methods for notch root analysis, fracture mechanics, damage mechanics, crack growth kinetics, life prediction and durability, and prediction of stochastic fatigue behavior reflecting microstructure and service conditions) Models for early stages of fatigue crack formation and growth that explicitly consider microstructure and relevant materials science aspects Understanding the influence or manufacturing and processing route on fatigue degradation, and embedding this understanding in more predictive schemes for mitigation and design against fatigue Prognosis and damage state awareness (including sensors, monitoring, methodology, interactive control, accelerated methods, data interpretation) Applications of technologies associated with fatigue and their implications for structural integrity and reliability. This includes issues related to design, operation and maintenance, i.e., life cycle engineering Smart materials and structures that can sense and mitigate fatigue degradation Fatigue of devices and structures at small scales, including effects of process route and surfaces/interfaces.