Anisotropic dipolar vortex quantum droplets in an annular potential

Abstract

Two-dimensional dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates confined within an annular potential are investigated. Stable ring-shaped anisotropic dipolar vortex quantum droplets are discovered in this configuration. These droplets remain stable under the influence of the annular potential, even with embedded vorticity up to 11. The stability regions of dipolar vortex droplets with varying embedded vorticity are confirmed through long time evolution. The characteristic parameters of the dipolar vortex droplets are systematically studied, and their existence curves are shown to contradict the well-known V–K criterion. Additionally, the shape transformation of dipolar vortex droplets induced by the strength of the mean-field interaction is examined. Finally, the behavior of dipolar vortex droplets confined within a wake-depth annular potential is also discussed.