Cumulative mortality effects on roe deer population dynamics in the boreal forest: Searching for pathways of population persistence

IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Cécile A.E. Carpentier , Marco Heurich , Olivier Gimenez , Olivier Devineau , John D.C. Linnell
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ungulate populations can exhibit various growth patterns, which are influenced by factors such as predation and resource availability. Favourable environments can lead to irruptive growth, resulting in resource depletion. However, additional pressures from predation, and hunting can potentially impact population development leading to declines or even local extinctions. This study uses simulation models to explore the potential impact of multiple mortality sources on roe deer populations. We develop an age-structured, two-sex demographic matrix model for roe deer, which we parameterise with empirical demographic estimates obtained from published studies in Norway. We develop scenarios to assess the influence of mortality sources such as hunting, predation by lynx and red foxes, and environmental stochasticity on roe deer population dynamics. When simulating favourable environments without predation, roe deer populations tended to erupt due to the species' rapid reproductive capacity. However, additional sources of mortality, such as predation or harvest, lead to severe population declines, and even to quasi-extinction, especially when occurring in combination. Environmental stochasticity such as periodic severe winters with heavy snowfall reduces the growth rate and population densities even further. On the other hand, accounting for some form of spatial heterogeneity through immigration and refuges stabilised populations, with a reduced risk of quasi-extinction. Our results provide meaningful insights into the properties of this system allow implications for the management and identify areas where further exploration is needed.
累积死亡率对北方森林狍子种群动态的影响:寻找种群持续存在的途径
受捕食和资源可用性等因素的影响,有蹄类动物种群会呈现出不同的增长模式。有利的环境会导致破坏性增长,造成资源枯竭。然而,捕食和狩猎带来的额外压力可能会影响种群发展,导致种群数量下降甚至局部灭绝。本研究使用模拟模型来探讨多种死亡来源对狍子种群的潜在影响。我们为狍子建立了一个年龄结构、双性别的人口矩阵模型,并利用从挪威已发表的研究中获得的经验人口估计值对该模型进行参数化。我们设定了一些情景,以评估狩猎、猞猁和红狐捕食以及环境随机性等死亡源对狍子种群动态的影响。在模拟没有捕食的有利环境时,由于狍子的繁殖能力很快,狍子种群趋于爆发。然而,捕食或捕猎等额外的死亡来源会导致种群数量严重下降,甚至接近灭绝,尤其是在同时发生的情况下。环境的随机性,如周期性的严冬和大雪,则会进一步降低增长率和种群密度。另一方面,通过移民和避难所来考虑某种形式的空间异质性可以稳定种群,降低准灭绝的风险。我们的研究结果为这一系统的特性提供了有意义的见解,使其对管理产生了影响,并确定了需要进一步探索的领域。
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来源期刊
Global Ecology and Conservation
Global Ecology and Conservation Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
346
审稿时长
83 days
期刊介绍: Global Ecology and Conservation is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal covering all sub-disciplines of ecological and conservation science: from theory to practice, from molecules to ecosystems, from regional to global. The fields covered include: organismal, population, community, and ecosystem ecology; physiological, evolutionary, and behavioral ecology; and conservation science.
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