Comparison of fusion rate, radiologic and clinical outcome between CaO-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 bioactive glass-ceramics 7 (BGS-7) spacer and allograft spacer with iliac bone graft in multilevel ACDF.

Abstract

Background: CaO-SiO₂-P₂O₅-B₂O₃ bioactive glass-ceramics7 (BGS-7) are known for their strong integration with bone and stability and are commonly used in spinal fusions.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare fusion rates and radiological and clinical outcomes between BGS-7 and allograft spacers with iliac bone grafts (IBG) in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgeries.

Study design/setting: This retrospective study was conducted at BRM Medical Center.

Patient sample: We included patients who underwent multilevel ACDF at BRM Medical Center between January 2012 and December 2023. The patients had symptoms such as cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy due to cervical disc herniation, stenosis, and spondylosis.

Outcome measures: We evaluated the preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, neck disability index (NDI), functional rating index (FRI), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for the neck, shoulder, and upper extremities at 6 months and 1 year after surgery.

Methods: Fusion rates were assessed using dynamic radiography and computed tomography (CT) scans at 1 year postoperatively. Radiological measurements were obtained from preoperative and postoperative plain radiographs.

Results: At the 1-year follow-up, the fusion rates were 89.5% for BGS-7 and 92.2% for the allograft cage on dynamic radiographs (p=0.156) and 93.4% and 90.4%, respectively, on CT scans (p=0.319), confirming both internal and external osseointegration. Subsidence rates were 4% for BGS-7 and 10% for the allograft spacer group. Both groups showed increased cervical lordosis (CL), segmental lordosis (SL), and segmental height postoperatively, with maintained lower segmental height (LSH) in the BGS-7 group than in the allograft spacer group at postoperatively 1 year. No adjacent segmental disease (ASD) occurred in either group. The JOA, NDI, and FRI showed significant improvements in both groups. The VAS scores decreased significantly in both groups, indicating improved clinical outcomes.

Conclusions: In multilevel ACDF, BGS-7 demonstrated fusion rates comparable to those of the allograft spacer with IBG, experiencing fewer instances of subsidence and cage fracture. Therefore, BGS-7 spacer can be safely utilized in multilevel ACDF as a substitute for traditional allograft spacers, without the need for additional IBG.