A Systematic Literature Review of the Relationships Between Social and Interpersonal Factors and Physical Activity Among Older Adults.

Abstract

Objective: This systematic literature review's purpose was to examine the social factors (e.g., social network, social support, social interaction, loneliness, and social environmental factors) associated with PA among older adults.

Data source: Electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science) were used in this study.

Study inclusion and exclusion criteria: Studies published in English focusing on individuals aged 65+ that assess social and intrapersonal factors influencing PA, with quantitative data on these relationships, were included, regardless of the PA measurement method.

Data extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted data using a standardized form, capturing study design, sample size, participant characteristics, social factors assessed, and their relationship to PA behavior.

Data synthesis: A descriptive summary of study characteristics and methodological quality was conducted.

Results: 1560 articles were identified and 34 were included. Wider social networks, social support, social cohesion, social norms towards PA, and positive social interactions were positively associated with PA among older adults, whereas obstructive factors (e.g., loneliness and social isolation) of the social environment were negatively associated with PA.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that the social environment plays a strong role in determining PA levels among older adults. Interventions targeting PA enhancement in this population should prioritize strengthening social support and networks related to PA. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms through which social factors impact PA in older adults.