Developments and perspectives of transition metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts with a regulated coordination environment for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction performance

IF 6.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR
Wei-Wei Zhao, Wen-Jun Niu, Ru-Ji Li, Bing-Xin Yu, Chen-Yu Cai, Fu-Ming Wang and Li-Yang Xu
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Abstract

Owing to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and metal–air batteries, high-performance catalysts are usually required to reduce the reaction overpotential in these devices for practical applications. Among the various electrocatalysts, the most effective are platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts; however, they suffer from the drawbacks of high cost, scarcity, and poor cycling stability. Accordingly, platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts, especially transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon (TM-N–C) catalysts, including single-atom catalysts and single-atom and cluster/nanoparticle catalysts, have recently received increasing attention due to their low-cost, high atom-utilization and remarkable ORR performance. However, TM-N–C catalysts with different local coordination environments typically exhibit completely different ORR catalytic activity and selectivity in both alkaline and acidic media. Therefore, the research progress on TM-N–C catalysts with a regulated coordination environment for enhanced ORR performance are systematically summarized in this review. Specially, the strategies for regulating the coordination environment of TM-N–C catalysts are emphasized, including coordination number regulation, types of N regulation, heteroatom coordination or doping in M–Nx, and synergies of clusters or nanoparticles in M–Nx. Finally, the key challenges and prospects regarding the future development of catalysts with a regulated coordination environment for ORR in this emerging field are discussed.

Abstract Image

具有调节配位环境的过渡金属-氮-碳催化剂在提高氧还原反应性能方面的发展与展望
质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)和金属-空气电池的阴极氧还原反应(ORR)动力学缓慢,通常需要高性能催化剂来降低反应过电位,以实现实际应用。在各种电催化剂中,最有效的铂族金属(PGM)催化剂存在成本高、稀缺和循环稳定性差等缺点。无铂族金属(PGM-free)催化剂,尤其是过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳(TM-N-C)催化剂,包括单原子催化剂、单原子催化剂和簇/纳米颗粒催化剂,因其低成本、高原子利用率和显著的 ORR 性能而受到越来越多的关注。然而,具有不同局部配位环境的 TM-N-C 催化剂通常在碱性和酸性介质中表现出完全不同的 ORR 催化活性和选择性。因此,本综述系统地总结了调节配位环境以提高 ORR 性能的 TM-N-C 催化剂的研究进展。特别强调了调节 TM-N-C 催化剂配位环境的策略,包括配位数调节、N 调节类型、M-Nx 中的杂原子配位或掺杂以及团簇或纳米颗粒与 M-Nx 的协同作用。最后,还讨论了在新兴领域开发具有调节配位环境的 ORR 催化剂所面临的主要挑战和前景。
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来源期刊
Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR-
CiteScore
10.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
587
审稿时长
1.2 months
期刊介绍: The international, high quality journal for interdisciplinary research between inorganic chemistry and related subjects
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