The stochastic gravitational wave background from primordial gravitational atoms

IF 5.3 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI:10.1088/1475-7516/2024/11/039

Zhaofeng Kang, Tianjun Li and Weitao Ye

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Abstract

We propose a scenario of primordial gravitational atoms (PGAs), which may exist in the current and past universe due to spinning primordial black holes (PBHs) and very light bosonic fields. In a monochromatic mass scenario with a sizable dimensionless spin, which may arise in a short matter dominated (MD) era, we analyze the resulting stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) signal. Its spectrum is approximately characterized by a rising ∝ f3 followed by a falling ∝ f-1 where f is the frequency. Then, we investigate the constraints and prospects of such an SGWB, and find that PGAs with a core mass MBH ∼ 𝒪(10) M⊙ and a cloud of light scalar with mass μ ∼ 𝒪 (10-13) eV could yield constraints even stronger than those from bare PBHs. Future detectors such as LISA, Taiji and TianQin are able to explore PGAs over a narrow and elongated strap in the (μ,MBH) plane, spanning over 10 orders of magnitude for the maximum spin, 10-8M⊙ ≲ MBH ≲ 104M⊙, 10-16 eV ≲ μ ≲ 10-3 eV. If the PGA is dressed with a vector cloud, the SGWB signal has a much better opportunity to be probed.

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来自原始引力原子的随机引力波背景

我们提出了一种原始引力原子（PGAs）情景，由于旋转的原始黑洞（PBHs）和极轻的玻色子场，原始引力原子可能存在于当前和过去的宇宙中。在具有可观无量纲自旋的单色质量情景中（可能出现在短物质主导（MD）时代），我们分析了由此产生的随机引力波背景（SGWB）信号。其频谱的近似特征是上升∝f3，然后是下降∝f-1，其中f是频率。然后，我们研究了这种 SGWB 的约束和前景，发现核心质量 MBH ∼ 𝒪(10) M⊙的 PGAs 和质量 μ ∼ 𝒪 (10-13) eV 的轻标量云可以产生比裸 PBHs 更强的约束。未来的探测器，如 LISA、Taiji 和 TianQin，能够在 (μ,MBH) 平面上的一条狭长带子上探索 PGA，最大自旋的跨度超过 10 个数量级，即 10-8M⊙ ≲ MBH ≲ 104M⊙，10-16 eV ≲ μ ≲ 10-3 eV。如果给 PGA 穿上矢量云，就能更好地探测 SGWB 信号。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 地学天文-天文与天体物理

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

23.40%

发文量

632

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP) encompasses theoretical, observational and experimental areas as well as computation and simulation. The journal covers the latest developments in the theory of all fundamental interactions and their cosmological implications (e.g. M-theory and cosmology, brane cosmology). JCAP''s coverage also includes topics such as formation, dynamics and clustering of galaxies, pre-galactic star formation, x-ray astronomy, radio astronomy, gravitational lensing, active galactic nuclei, intergalactic and interstellar matter.