Characteristics of High-Cost Beneficiaries of Prescription Drugs in Kazakhstan: A Cross-Sectional Study of Outpatient Data from 2022.

IF 2.1 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2024-11-13 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2147/CEOR.S470632
Adilet Nazarbayev, Ardak Nurbakyt, Bibigul Omirbayeva, Anuar Akhmetzhan, Lyazzat Kosherbayeva
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Abstract

Background and objectives: Limited information is available regarding the distribution of increasing pharmaceutical expenditures within large representative samples of national populations globally. The aim was to investigate the distribution of pharmaceutical costs in outpatient treatment and analyze the primary characteristics of users of expensive drugs within the healthcare system of Kazakhstan.

Methods: This study utilized data from the Information System for Outpatient Drug Supply, which includes nationally representative data from all regions of Kazakhstan, covering both rural and urban populations. The key explanatory variables in this study included age, gender, number of prescribed medications, disease categories based on ICD-10 codes, and insurance coverage status. These variables were selected to capture demographic, clinical, and healthcare access factors influencing prescription drug costs. In total, 2.2 million people, who were prescribed outpatient medications were included. High-cost users (HCUs) were characterized as individuals whose prescription drug expenses ranked within the highest 5%.

Results: The distribution of pharmaceutical costs exhibits significant discrepancy, with 5% of the population receiving prescription drugs covered by the state budget and social medical insurance fund contributing to nearly three-quarters of all costs. Notably, these HCUs tended to be younger than low-cost drug users. HCUs, on average, consumed a greater quantity of medications compared to non-HCUs. Among children, the top diseases contributing to high costs were rare hereditary diseases and malignancies, while in adults, cancer and diabetes were the primary cost drivers.

Conclusion: There is a concentration of public drug program spending within a small percentage of beneficiaries with high drug costs in Kazakhstan. This discovery offers valuable insights for shaping policies tailored to this specific population, aiming to mitigate escalating costs and enhance the optimal use of medications.

哈萨克斯坦处方药高成本受益人的特征:对 2022 年门诊数据的横断面研究》。
背景和目标:在全球范围内,有关具有代表性的大型国家人口样本中不断增长的医药支出分布情况的信息十分有限。本研究旨在调查哈萨克斯坦医疗系统中门诊治疗药品费用的分布情况,并分析昂贵药品使用者的主要特征:这项研究利用了门诊药品供应信息系统的数据,该系统包括哈萨克斯坦所有地区具有全国代表性的数据,涵盖农村和城市人口。本研究的主要解释变量包括年龄、性别、处方药数量、基于 ICD-10 代码的疾病类别以及保险覆盖状况。选择这些变量是为了捕捉影响处方药成本的人口、临床和医疗服务获取因素。共纳入了 220 万门诊处方药使用者。高成本用户(HCUs)是指处方药费用最高的 5%:药品费用的分布存在很大差异,5% 的人服用的处方药由国家预算和社会医疗保险基金支付,占所有费用的近四分之三。值得注意的是,这些处方药使用者往往比低价药使用者年轻。与非处方药使用者相比,处方药使用者的平均用药量更大。在儿童中,导致高成本的主要疾病是罕见的遗传性疾病和恶性肿瘤,而在成人中,癌症和糖尿病是主要的成本驱动因素:结论:在哈萨克斯坦,公共药品计划的支出集中在一小部分高药费受益人身上。这一发现为制定针对这一特殊人群的政策提供了宝贵的见解,这些政策旨在降低不断攀升的成本并提高药物的最佳使用率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research
ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES-
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
83
审稿时长
16 weeks
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