Evaluating spectrophotometric and antioxidant activity methods for phenolic compounds quantification in natural deep eutectic solvents

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2024.126375

Gabriela Soares Macello Ramos, Fernanda de Sousa Bezerra, Roberta Nogueira Pereira da Silva, Matheus Grilo de Oliveira Carvalho, Maria Gabriela Bello Koblitz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) are a new generation of sustainable solvents with unique physicochemical properties derived from their natural composition. This study addressed the accuracy of spectrophotometric analytical methods in quantifying phenolic compounds, namely chlorogenic acid, in NaDES, both as a standard and as part of more complex natural extracts. Comparative analyses of different quantification methods were conducted, using HPLC as the reference, revealing the influence of solvent components on the accuracy of results. Pearson’s correlation was evaluated between the colorimetric and chromatographic methods through the comparison of standard curves. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method was highlighted as the most correlated with the reference method in NaDES composed of lactic acid, while the Fast Blue BB method was noted for NaDES composed of glycerol, both with Pearson’s R values greater than 0.99. Variations in pH and solvent composition affected the sensitivity of the spectrophotometric methods, requiring a customized approach for each solvent. However, when spectrophotometric methods were applied to sunflower meal extracts, none, not even when antioxidant activity evaluation methods were used, was able to replicate the order of extraction efficiency revealed by the HPLC analysis, namely: AL:G > EtOH > CC:GL > U:GL > B:AL. The best results were achieved – correctly identifying the two best extraction solvents – when a solvent-directed method was used to analyze each extract, which resulted in extracts containing 3,075.78 μg CGA mL⁻¹ AL:G and 2,384.83 μg CGA mL⁻¹ EtOH, but also 2,002.67 μg CGA mL⁻¹ B:AL; 1,488.68 μg CGA mL⁻¹ U:GL and 579,14 μg CGA mL⁻¹ CC:GL. This study contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges associated with the spectrophotometric analysis of phenolic compounds in NaDES, highlighting the need to select the right analytical method for each different solvent formulation.

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评估天然深共晶溶剂中酚类化合物定量的分光光度法和抗氧化活性法

天然深共晶溶剂（NaDES）是新一代的可持续溶剂，其独特的物理化学特性源自其天然成分。本研究探讨了分光光度分析方法在定量 NaDES 中酚类化合物（即绿原酸）时的准确性，无论是作为标准物质还是作为更复杂的天然提取物的一部分。以 HPLC 为参照，对不同的定量方法进行了比较分析，揭示了溶剂成分对结果准确性的影响。通过比较标准曲线，评估了比色法和色谱法之间的皮尔逊相关性。在乳酸成分的 NaDES 中，Folin-Ciocalteu 试剂法与参考方法的相关性最高，而在甘油成分的 NaDES 中，Fast Blue BB 法的 Pearson's R 值均大于 0.99。pH 值和溶剂成分的变化会影响分光光度法的灵敏度，因此需要针对每种溶剂采用定制方法。然而，当分光光度法应用于葵花籽粕提取物时，即使使用抗氧化活性评估方法，也无法复制高效液相色谱分析所显示的提取效率顺序，即AL:G > EtOH > CC:GL > U:GL > B:AL.当使用溶剂导向法分析每种提取物时，取得了最佳结果--正确确定了两种最佳提取溶剂，提取物中含有 3,075.78 μg CGA mL-1 AL:G 和 2,384.83 μg CGA mL-1 EtOH，但也含有 2,002.67 μg CGA mL-1 B:AL；1,488.68 μg CGA mL-1 U:GL和 579,14 μg CGA mL-1 CC:GL。这项研究有助于更全面地了解与 NaDES 中酚类化合物分光光度分析相关的挑战，突出了为每种不同溶剂配方选择正确分析方法的必要性。

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.