Catalytic properties of selenium and phosphorus ionic liquids heterogenized on algae-based biochar

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2024.126458

Ivaylo Tankov , Lenia Gonsalvesh , Ganka Kolchakova , Zilya Mustafa , Antonia Ilieva , Yancho Hristov

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Abstract

Catalytic performance of pyridinium hydrogen selenate (PHSe) and pyridinium dihydrogen phosphate (PH2P) ionic liquids immobilized on algae-based biochar (AC) was studied for the first time. For that purpose, acetic acid esterification with butanol was used as a test reaction. To investigate the surface effects, textural properties and thermal behavior for PHSe/AC and PH2P/AC, physicochemical methods such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (S_BET) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied. In addition, influence of the catalyst content (5–12 wt%) and reaction temperature (60–80 °C) on the butyl acetate yield and rate constant of esterification were evaluated. S_BET and SEM measurements revealed that all of the samples (AC, PHSe/AC and PH2P/AC) obtained are mixed microporous-mesoporous materials. XRD and XPS data showed more highly dispersed PH2P particles than PHSe on the carrier surface due to stronger surface ionic liquid-support interaction for PH2P/AC in comparison with PHSe/AC. The latter was responsible for higher thermal stability of PH2P/AC with respect to PHSe/AC. In addition, more obvious PH2P sites (than PHSe) on the biochar surface favored the ester production in the presence of PH2P/AC (77.4 % and 53.26 × 10⁻⁴ l/mol × min) more evidently than PHSe/AC (58.1 % and 28.82 × 10⁻⁴ l/mol × min).

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硒和磷离子液体在藻基生物炭上的异质化催化特性

首次研究了固定在藻基生物炭（AC）上的硒酸吡啶鎓（PHSe）和磷酸二氢吡啶鎓（PH2P）离子液体的催化性能。为此，将乙酸与丁醇的酯化反应作为试验反应。为了研究 PHSe/AC 和 PH2P/AC 的表面效应、质地特性和热行为，应用了 X 射线粉末衍射（XRD）、氮吸附-脱附等温线（SBET）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）、热重分析（TGA）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）等理化方法。此外，还评估了催化剂含量（5-12 wt%）和反应温度（60-80 °C）对乙酸丁酯产率和酯化速率常数的影响。SBET 和 SEM 测量显示，获得的所有样品（AC、PHSe/AC 和 PH2P/AC）都是微孔-多孔混合材料。XRD 和 XPS 数据显示，与 PHSe/AC 相比，PH2P/AC 的表面离子液体-支撑相互作用更强，因此载体表面的 PH2P 颗粒比 PHSe 颗粒分散度更高。后者是 PH2P/AC 热稳定性高于 PHSe/AC 的原因。此外，PH2P/AC（77.4% 和 53.26 × 10-4 l/mol × min）比 PHSe/AC （58.1% 和 28.82 × 10-4 l/mol × min）更明显地促进了生物炭表面更明显的 PH2P 位点（而不是 PHSe）。

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.