Discovery of calcium sulfate at different hydration states on Mars - based on perseverance SHERLOC analysis

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.vibspec.2024.103745

Yian Wang , Peipei Fang , Hongpeng Wang , Yingjian Xin , Xinru Yan , Mingkang Duan , Zhiping He , Xiong Wan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Organic matter on planets is often co-deposited with evaporites, and evaporation of lakes in the Jezero region of Mars may have led to the deposition of abundant organic matter and minerals such as sulfates, making sulfates important minerals for preserving the remains of potential life on Mars, especially in different hydration states, will help to invert the variability of the Martian environment and provide guidance for the exploration of life on Mars. Raman spectroscopy can detect the molecular composition of organic matter and acid anion information of the target of interest, thus enabling in situ analysis of life information and its living environment. In order to realize the detection of life remains on Mars, The Perseverance rover is equipped with SHERLOC in situ material detection payload, which adopts a 248.6 nm deep ultraviolet (DUV) laser to simultaneously excite Raman and fluorescence signals of the target. In this paper, five scans in three modes (survey scan, HDR scan and detail scan) from two sites on Mars (Quartier and Bellegarde) were selected for preliminary analysis, and the presence of sulfate minerals at these two sites was confirmed. The detail scans at Quartier were analyzed in depth, and the presence of four calcium sulfate minerals, gypsum (CaSO₄∙2 H₂O), bassanite (CaSO₄∙0.5 H₂O), anhydrite (β-CaSO₄) and gamma-calcium sulfate (γ-CaSO₄)was inferred from the states of ν₁ (SO₄), ν₃ (SO₄) and hydrated peaks. The differences in the degree of hydration of calcium sulfate minerals suggest that there may have been active water activity on Mars. By comparing data collected by SHERLOC with spectra from spectral libraries, the composition of small-scale structures on Mars may be assessable. However, due to the complexity of the Martian geology, more accurate water activity will need to be combined with more detailed ions, temperatures, humidity, and other conditions for a more precise analysis.

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基于坚持不懈的 SHERLOC 分析，在火星上发现不同水合状态的硫酸钙

行星上的有机物往往与蒸发岩共同沉积，火星杰泽罗地区湖泊的蒸发可能导致了丰富的有机物和硫酸盐等矿物质的沉积，硫酸盐成为保存火星潜在生命遗迹的重要矿物质，尤其是不同水合状态下的硫酸盐，将有助于反演火星环境的变异性，为火星生命探索提供指导。拉曼光谱可以探测相关目标的有机物分子组成和酸阴离子信息，从而实现对生命信息及其生存环境的原位分析。为了实现对火星上生命遗迹的探测，"坚毅 "号探测器配备了SHERLOC原位物质探测有效载荷，它采用248.6 nm深紫外（DUV）激光同时激发目标的拉曼和荧光信号。本文选取了火星上的两个地点（Quartier 和 Bellegarde）的三种模式（勘测扫描、HDR 扫描和细节扫描）的五次扫描进行初步分析，并确认了这两个地点存在硫酸盐矿物。对 Quartier 的详细扫描进行了深入分析，并根据 ν1 (SO4)、ν3 (SO4) 和水合峰的状态推断出存在四种硫酸钙矿物，即石膏（CaSO4∙2 H2O）、重晶石（CaSO4∙0.5 H2O）、无水石膏（β-CaSO4）和伽马硫酸钙（γ-CaSO4）。硫酸钙矿物水化程度的差异表明，火星上可能存在活跃的水活动。通过将 SHERLOC 收集到的数据与光谱库中的光谱进行比较，可以评估火星上小规模结构的组成。然而，由于火星地质的复杂性，更精确的水活动需要与更详细的离子、温度、湿度和其他条件相结合，才能进行更精确的分析。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Vibrational Spectroscopy 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

103

审稿时长

52 days

期刊介绍： Vibrational Spectroscopy provides a vehicle for the publication of original research that focuses on vibrational spectroscopy. This covers infrared, near-infrared and Raman spectroscopies and publishes papers dealing with developments in applications, theory, techniques and instrumentation. The topics covered by the journal include: Sampling techniques, Vibrational spectroscopy coupled with separation techniques, Instrumentation (Fourier transform, conventional and laser based), Data manipulation, Spectra-structure correlation and group frequencies. The application areas covered include: Analytical chemistry, Bio-organic and bio-inorganic chemistry, Organic chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Catalysis, Environmental science, Industrial chemistry, Materials science, Physical chemistry, Polymer science, Process control, Specialized problem solving.