Phylogenomics resolves the puzzling phylogeny of banded newts (genus Ommatotriton).

Abstract

Resolving the order of speciation events that occurred in rapid succession is inherently hard and typically requires a phylogenomic approach. A case in point concerns the previously unresolved phylogeny of the three species of banded newt (genus Ommatotriton). We obtain c. 7k nuclear DNA markers using target enrichment by sequence capture and analyze the dataset using maximum likelihood inference of concatenated data with RAxML, summary multi-species coalescent analysis with ASTRAL and Bayesian species tree inference using a diffusion model with SNAPPER, and use TreeMix and PhyloNet to test for interspecific gene flow. All analyses recover three distinct species with no evidence of interspecific gene flow. All analyses retrieved the topology (O. nesterovi, (O. ophryticus, O. vittatus)), with high support. SNAPPER did show the tendency to get stuck in a local optimum, resulting in a different but still highly supported topology. Furthermore, we notice that fewer SNAPPER runs get stuck in a local optimum when we include an outgroup. Therefore, we recommend the exploration of multiple independent runs and the use of an outgroup with this approach. The banded newt radiation illustrates the use of genome-wide data to tackle formerly unresolved phylogenies.