Micronutrient intakes in a young antenatal population-10-year Retrospective survey at a Sydney hospital clinic.

Abstract

Aim: Nutritional requirements are increased in young people to support growth, and this is particularly critical when pregnancy occurs within young age groups. The aim was to describe nutritional intakes (with particular emphasis on iron and calcium) and selected pregnancy outcomes, in a young antenatal population aged 14-24 years.

Method: A retrospective audit was conducted using 404 records from a young parents' antenatal clinic which included prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), pregnancy weight gain, baby birth weight, nutritional biochemistry, and dietitian assessment of iron and calcium intakes and supplement use. Age groups were compared (adolescents aged 14-18 years versus older 19-24 years clients), and regression analysis was used to explore potential predictors of birth outcomes.

Results: There was no difference in prepregnancy body mass index for age, pregnancy weight gain, baby birth weight or outcomes, between the age groups. Based on food group serves, intakes were inadequate for iron in 82% of clients and for calcium in 72%. Iron status declined in both groups during the pregnancy, while adolescents had less adequate calcium intake (p = 0.0001). Supplement use was more common in clients with poor iron (p = 0.015) or vitamin D status (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: Iron and calcium intakes were inadequate in this nutritionally vulnerable population. Further research would be beneficial to identify effective interventions to improve nutrition in this cohort.