Design, manufacturing, and multi-modal imaging of stereolithography 3D printed flexible intracranial aneurysm phantoms

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Medical physics Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI:10.1002/mp.17518

Alain Yalman, Arman Jafari, Étienne Léger, Michael-Anthony Mastroianni, Kowsar Teimouri, Houman Savoji, D. Louis Collins, Lyes Kadem, Yiming Xiao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Physical vascular phantoms are instrumental in studying intracranial aneurysms and testing relevant imaging tools and training systems to provide improved clinical care. Current vascular phantom production methods have major limitations in capturing the biophysical and morphological characteristics of intracranial aneurysms with good fidelity and multi-modal imaging capacity. With stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing technology becoming more accessible, newer flexible and transparent printing materials with higher precision controls open the door for improving the efficiency and quality of producing anthropomorphic vascular phantoms but have rarely been explored for the application.

Purpose

This technical note intends to report the feasibility of using SLA 3D printing technology to manufacture flexible intracranial aneurysm phantoms with similar scales to the real anatomy, as well as their capacity for multi-modal flow imaging and analysis, including ultrasound flow imaging, high-speed filming, and particle image velocimetry analysis.

Methods

We designed and 3D-printed two intracranial aneurysm phantoms with an SLA 3D printer using Formlabs Elastic 50A resin. By using a micropump to introduce cyclical flows in the phantoms, we first employed conventional Doppler and vector flow ultrasonography to observe and measure different fluidic properties. Then, a high-speed camera was used to record particles flowing within the phantom, and we further conducted a particle image velocimetry analysis, including the distribution of mean 2D velocity vectors, average velocity magnitudes, and the mean vorticity fields in the phantom for the high-speed imaging data.

Results

We successfully 3D-printed flexible intracranial aneurysm phantoms with similar dimensions to the real anatomy. Additionally, we validated the phantoms’ ability to allow visualization, measurement, and analysis of flow dynamics based on both real-time ultrasound and optical imaging.

Conclusions

Our proof-of-concept study illustrates that SLA 3D printing using commercial elastic resins can significantly contribute towards facilitating the fabrication of flexible intracranial aneurysms phantoms for training, research, and preoperative planning.

Abstract Image

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立体光刻三维打印柔性颅内动脉瘤模型的设计、制造和多模态成像。

背景：物理血管模型有助于研究颅内动脉瘤，测试相关成像工具和培训系统，从而改善临床护理。目前的血管模型制作方法在捕捉颅内动脉瘤的生物物理和形态特征方面有很大的局限性，无法达到良好的保真度和多模态成像能力。随着立体光刻（SLA）3D 打印技术越来越容易获得，具有更高精度控制的新型柔性透明打印材料为提高拟人血管模型的制作效率和质量打开了大门，但在应用中却很少进行探索。目的：本技术说明旨在报告使用 SLA 三维打印技术制造与真实解剖结构尺度相似的柔性颅内动脉瘤模型的可行性，以及其进行多模态血流成像和分析的能力，包括超声血流成像、高速拍摄和粒子图像测速分析：方法：我们使用SLA三维打印机和Formlabs Elastic 50A树脂设计并三维打印了两个颅内动脉瘤模型。通过使用微型泵在模型中引入循环流动，我们首先使用了传统的多普勒和矢量流超声成像技术来观察和测量不同的流体特性。然后，我们使用高速相机记录了在模型中流动的粒子，并进一步进行了粒子图像测速分析，包括高速成像数据的平均二维速度矢量分布、平均速度大小和模型中的平均涡度场：结果：我们成功地三维打印出了与真实解剖结构尺寸相似的柔性颅内动脉瘤模型。此外，我们还根据实时超声波和光学成像验证了模型的可视化、测量和流动动态分析能力：我们的概念验证研究表明，使用商用弹性树脂的 SLA 3D 打印技术可以极大地促进灵活的颅内动脉瘤模型的制造，用于培训、研究和术前规划。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Medical physics 医学-核医学

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

15.80%

发文量

660

审稿时长

1.7 months

期刊介绍： Medical Physics publishes original, high impact physics, imaging science, and engineering research that advances patient diagnosis and therapy through contributions in 1) Basic science developments with high potential for clinical translation 2) Clinical applications of cutting edge engineering and physics innovations 3) Broadly applicable and innovative clinical physics developments Medical Physics is a journal of global scope and reach. By publishing in Medical Physics your research will reach an international, multidisciplinary audience including practicing medical physicists as well as physics- and engineering based translational scientists. We work closely with authors of promising articles to improve their quality.