Mariona Cortacans, Marta Arch, Esther Fuentes, Pere-Joan Cardona
{"title":"<i>Candida albicans</i> infection model in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> suggests a strain-specific virulent factor boosting a stormy innate immune response.","authors":"Mariona Cortacans, Marta Arch, Esther Fuentes, Pere-Joan Cardona","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1474516","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Intorduction: </strong>Pathogens drive the evolution of host defence strategies, with both innate and adaptive immune systems playing key roles. Priming enhances the innate immune system's readiness by functionally reprogramming immune cells after initial exposure to stimuli, like β-glucans. In this sense, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> is a valuable model to evaluate the role of innate immunity to control infections.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study we aimed to set light on the immune priming effect of oral treatment with heat-killed <i>M. manresensis</i> and two different heat-killed <i>C. albicans</i> isolates upon systemic infection by <i>C. albicans</i> in the <i>D. melanogaster</i> model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A clinical and a control ATCC 90028 <i>Candida albicans</i> strain were used. Flies were primed through oral administration of heat-killed <i>C. albicans</i> (hkCa), both clinical and control, and hk-<i>Mycolicibacterium manresensis</i>. After priming, flies were systemically infected with both <i>C. albicans</i> isolates. Host survival, pathogen load, and immune response in response to treatment and infection were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both treatments showed a significant capacity to enhance the expression of antimicrobial peptides, in particular Diptericin, and Drosomycin in males. This response had a marked sexual dimorphism due to the difference in Upd3, Nox, and Duox expression. Surprisingly, even when priming was able to avoid the growth of both <i>C. albicans</i> strains, survival was not improved in the case of the clinical isolate, causing an unexpected mortality rate in hours, regardless of the host's sex. Gene expression analysis 24 hours post-infection showed an exacerbated increase in Diptericin, Drosomycin and Upd3 expression upon infection with the clinical strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data herein suggests the presence of a strain-specific component in <i>C. albicans</i> as the booster of a \"stormy\" innate immune response, which must be further investigated, and position <i>D. melanogaster</i> as a useful model for evaluating virulent factors related to the modulation of the innate immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560421/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Immunology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1474516","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Intorduction: Pathogens drive the evolution of host defence strategies, with both innate and adaptive immune systems playing key roles. Priming enhances the innate immune system's readiness by functionally reprogramming immune cells after initial exposure to stimuli, like β-glucans. In this sense, Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable model to evaluate the role of innate immunity to control infections.
Objectives: In this study we aimed to set light on the immune priming effect of oral treatment with heat-killed M. manresensis and two different heat-killed C. albicans isolates upon systemic infection by C. albicans in the D. melanogaster model.
Methods: A clinical and a control ATCC 90028 Candida albicans strain were used. Flies were primed through oral administration of heat-killed C. albicans (hkCa), both clinical and control, and hk-Mycolicibacterium manresensis. After priming, flies were systemically infected with both C. albicans isolates. Host survival, pathogen load, and immune response in response to treatment and infection were evaluated.
Results: Both treatments showed a significant capacity to enhance the expression of antimicrobial peptides, in particular Diptericin, and Drosomycin in males. This response had a marked sexual dimorphism due to the difference in Upd3, Nox, and Duox expression. Surprisingly, even when priming was able to avoid the growth of both C. albicans strains, survival was not improved in the case of the clinical isolate, causing an unexpected mortality rate in hours, regardless of the host's sex. Gene expression analysis 24 hours post-infection showed an exacerbated increase in Diptericin, Drosomycin and Upd3 expression upon infection with the clinical strain.
Conclusion: Data herein suggests the presence of a strain-specific component in C. albicans as the booster of a "stormy" innate immune response, which must be further investigated, and position D. melanogaster as a useful model for evaluating virulent factors related to the modulation of the innate immunity.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Immunology is a leading journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across basic, translational and clinical immunology. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide.
Frontiers in Immunology is the official Journal of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). Encompassing the entire field of Immunology, this journal welcomes papers that investigate basic mechanisms of immune system development and function, with a particular emphasis given to the description of the clinical and immunological phenotype of human immune disorders, and on the definition of their molecular basis.
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