Assessment of health-related quality of life in individuals with interstitial lung diseases in a tertiary care hospital in south India.

Abstract

Background & objectives Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) cause progressive symptoms and decline in lung functions which impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Although HRQoL is gaining wider acceptance as an endpoint for disease perception, limited data is available regarding the same in Indians with ILD. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess HRQoL and its correlation with lung function parameters in individuals with ILD in a tertiary care setting in south India. Methods A hundred and fifty-nine consecutive patients with ILD were recruited between June 2022 to December 2023. HRQoL was assessed using the ILD specific K-BILD, generic EQ-5D-5L and an adapted version of the validated PESaM questionnaires. Correlation between various domains of the three questionnaires and lung function parameters was analyzed followed by linear regression analysis. Results The study population consisted predominantly of females (64.1%), with CTD-ILD being the most common ILD (40.8%). HRQoL impairment was noted, predominantly affecting the 'breathlessness and activity' domain and significant correlation was noted between K-BILD and EQ-5D-5L across domains. On regression analysis, FVC, 6-minute walk distance and desaturation were independent predictors of HRQoL. Type of ILD and disease duration did not have a significant association with HRQoL measures. Interpretation & conclusions 'Breathlessness and activity' domain of HRQoL was affected the most in participants with ILD. Forced vital capacity, six-minute walk distance and exercise induced desaturation were independent predictors of HRQoL among individuals with ILD.