Association of obesity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective cohort study.

Abstract

Background: Chronic conditions such as obesity are associated with adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between BMI and outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 ARDS.

Methods: A retrospective study including all patients with COVID-19 and ARDS on mechanical ventilation admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) over 2 years. Patients with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) were compared with those without obesity (BMI >18.5 up to 29.9 kg/m²). Outcomes compared were primary (mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay) and secondary complications during the ICU course (inotrope requirement, acute kidney injury [AKI] requiring renal replacement therapy [RRT], and bloodstream and urinary tract infections).

Results: One hundred and eight patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 52 years, and 94 (87%) patients were males. As compared to COVID-19 ARDS patients without obesity, COVID-19 patients with obesity were more prone to develop complications like AKI, necessitating continuous RRT (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference in other complications between the two groups (all P > 0.05). There was no increased mortality in these obese patients (P = 0.056). In these patients with obesity, those who also had ischemic heart disease had an increased likelihood of mortality (P = 0.036).

Conclusion: Our study concludes that patients with COVID-19 ARDS who are obese are not at higher risk of mortality and more likely to develop renal complications. When these patients develop cardiac complications or bloodstream infections, they have a significantly higher risk of mortality.