Nonlinear anomalous transverse responses induced by the Berry curvature quadrupole in systems with broken time-reversal symmetry

Abstract

Recent theoretical work has shown that higher-order moments of the Berry curvature, e.g., Berry curvature quadrupole and hexapole moments, can produce the leading order nonlinear anomalous Hall response (NLAH) in systems with special magnetic point group symmetry. Recent experimental work has reported the observation of the Berry curvature quadrupole-induced third-order NLAH (i.e., Hall voltage proportional to the third power of the external electric field) from cryogenic conditions to room temperature in an epitaxially grown material platform with broken time-reversal symmetry. In this paper, using semiclassical Boltzmann formalism in the relaxation time approximation, we compute the Berry curvature quadrupole-induced nonlinear anomalous thermal Hall and Nernst coefficients in time-reversal broken systems. In systems where Berry curvature monopole and dipole moments vanish by symmetry, our results predict the behavior of the leading order anomalous thermal Hall and Nernst coefficients proportional to the third power of the applied longitudinal temperature gradient. They are guaranteed to exist in systems that have already exhibited the third-order nonlinear anomalous Hall effect in recent experiments.