Parasitic taxa are key to the vertical stratification and community variation of pelagic ciliates from the surface to the abyssopelagic zone.

IF 6.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY
Yuanyuan Wan, Feng Zhao, Sabine Filker, Ariani Hatmanti, Rongjie Zhao, Kuidong Xu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: An increase in upper-ocean thermal stratification is being observed worldwide due to global warming. However, how ocean stratification affects the vertical profile of plankton communities remains unclear. Understanding this is crucial for assessing the broader implications of ocean stratification. Pelagic ciliates cover multiple functional groups, and thus can serve as a model for studying the vertical distribution and functional strategies of plankton in stratified oceans. We hypothesize that pelagic ciliate communities exhibit vertical stratification caused by shifts in functional strategies, from free-living groups in the photic zone to parasitic groups in deeper waters.

Results: 306 samples from the surface to the abyssopelagic zone were collected from 31 stations in the western Pacific and analyzed with environmental DNA (the V4 region of 18 S rDNA) metabarcoding of pelagic ciliates. We found a distinct vertical stratification of the entire ciliate communities, with a boundary at a depth of 200 m. Significant distance-decay patterns were found in the photic layers of 5 m to the deep chlorophyll maximum and in the 2,000 m, 3000 m and bottom layers, while no significant pattern occurred in the mesopelagic layers of 200 m - 1,000 m. Below 200 m, parasitic Oligohymenophorea and Colpodea became more prevalent. A linear model showed that parasitic taxa were the main groups causing community variation along the water column. With increasing depth below 200 m, the ASV and sequence proportions of parasitic taxa increased. Statistical analyses indicated that water temperature shaped the photic communities, while parasitic taxa had a significant influence on the aphotic communities below 200 m.

Conclusions: This study provides new insights into oceanic vertical distribution, connectivity and stratification from a biological perspective. The observed shift of functional strategies from free-living to parasitic groups at a 200 m transition layer improves our understanding of ocean ecosystems in the context of global warming.

寄生类群是浮游纤毛虫从表层到深海水层垂直分层和群落变化的关键。
背景:由于全球变暖,全球范围内都观测到了海洋上层热分层的增加。然而,海洋分层如何影响浮游生物群落的垂直分布仍不清楚。了解这一点对于评估海洋分层的广泛影响至关重要。中上层纤毛虫涵盖多个功能群,因此可以作为研究分层海洋中浮游生物垂直分布和功能策略的模型。我们假设,浮游纤毛虫群落的垂直分层是由功能策略的转变引起的,从光照区的自由生活类群到深水区的寄生类群:我们从西太平洋的 31 个站点收集了 306 份从海面到深海的样本,并对浮游纤毛虫进行了环境 DNA(18 S rDNA 的 V4 区域)代谢编码分析。我们发现整个纤毛虫群落有明显的垂直分层,以 200 米深度为界。在 5 米至深层叶绿素最大值的光照层以及 2000 米、3000 米和底层发现了显著的距离衰减模式,而在 200 米至 1000 米的中层没有发现显著的模式。线性模型显示,寄生类群是造成水柱群落变化的主要类群。随着 200 米以下水深的增加,寄生类群的 ASV 和序列比例也在增加。统计分析表明,水温决定了光生群落,而寄生类群对 200 米以下的噬水群落有显著影响:这项研究从生物学角度对海洋垂直分布、连通性和分层提供了新的见解。在 200 米过渡层观察到的功能策略从自由生活类群向寄生类群的转变,增进了我们对全球变暖背景下海洋生态系统的了解。
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来源期刊
Environmental Microbiome
Environmental Microbiome Immunology and Microbiology-Microbiology
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
2.50%
发文量
55
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Microorganisms, omnipresent across Earth's diverse environments, play a crucial role in adapting to external changes, influencing Earth's systems and cycles, and contributing significantly to agricultural practices. Through applied microbiology, they offer solutions to various everyday needs. Environmental Microbiome recognizes the universal presence and significance of microorganisms, inviting submissions that explore the diverse facets of environmental and applied microbiological research.
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