NK Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies: Current Progress, Challenges and Emerging Opportunities

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1002/jbt.70044

Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Subasini Uthirapathy, Abhinav Kumar, Enwa Felix Oghenemaro, Roopashree R., Madan Lal, Isha Arora, Ashish Singh Chauhan, Mahmood Jumaa Saud, Hanen Mahmod Hulail

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Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are vital innate immune cells that play a crucial role in cancer therapy. They are targeted by therapies designed to modulate, retain, and enhance their antitumor function in vivo. In addition to whole-cell therapy, NK cell-derived exosomes (NDEs) offer high immune safety and are easily subject to chemical, biological, and immunological modifications. This makes them suitable for use in combination with various current cancer therapies to enhance efficacy, treatment outcomes, and reduce side effects in vivo. This review aims to outline summarizes the antitumor potential of NK cells, as well as the current challenges and opportunities in NK cell-based immunotherapies such as allogeneic and autologous NK cell transplantation, CAR NK cell therapy, and the use of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies. The review also explores the dual regulatory effects of tumor exosomes on NK cells, and highlights the potential of NDEs, either alone or in combination with other antitumor therapies, to reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and expedite the therapeutic effects of cancer immunotherapy in future clinical research.

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基于 NK 细胞的癌症免疫疗法：当前的进展、挑战和新机遇》。

自然杀伤（NK）细胞是重要的先天性免疫细胞，在癌症治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用。旨在调节、保留和增强其体内抗肿瘤功能的疗法都以它们为目标。除了全细胞疗法外，NK细胞衍生的外泌体（NDEs）也具有很高的免疫安全性，并且很容易进行化学、生物和免疫学修饰。这使它们适合与目前的各种癌症疗法结合使用，以提高疗效、改善治疗结果并减少体内副作用。本综述旨在概述 NK 细胞的抗肿瘤潜力，以及当前基于 NK 细胞的免疫疗法（如异体和自体 NK 细胞移植、CAR NK 细胞疗法以及细胞因子和单克隆抗体的使用）所面临的挑战和机遇。综述还探讨了肿瘤外泌体对 NK 细胞的双重调节作用，并强调了 NDEs 在未来临床研究中单独或与其他抗肿瘤疗法相结合，重新规划免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境并加快癌症免疫疗法治疗效果的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 生物-毒理学

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

2.80%

发文量

277

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology is an international journal that contains original research papers, rapid communications, mini-reviews, and book reviews, all focusing on the molecular mechanisms of action and detoxication of exogenous and endogenous chemicals and toxic agents. The scope includes effects on the organism at all stages of development, on organ systems, tissues, and cells as well as on enzymes, receptors, hormones, and genes. The biochemical and molecular aspects of uptake, transport, storage, excretion, lactivation and detoxication of drugs, agricultural, industrial and environmental chemicals, natural products and food additives are all subjects suitable for publication. Of particular interest are aspects of molecular biology related to biochemical toxicology. These include studies of the expression of genes related to detoxication and activation enzymes, toxicants with modes of action involving effects on nucleic acids, gene expression and protein synthesis, and the toxicity of products derived from biotechnology.