Environmental determinants of West Nile virus vector abundance at the wildlife-livestock interface.

IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY
Laia Casades-Martí, Alfonso Peralbo-Moreno, Sarah Delacour-Estrella, Francisco Ruiz-Fons
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The diversity and abundance of vectors are essential parameters in the transmission dynamics of West Nile virus (WNV) between its avian reservoirs and clinically susceptible mammalian species. Knowing the determinants of vector abundance could be thus useful in preventing West Nile fever (WNF) cases and associated socio-economic impact. We designed a survey at the wildlife-livestock interface to test the hypothesis that variations in environmental favourability between anthropized and wild scenarios modulate WNV vector abundance and transmission risk. In a continental Mediterranean region where WNF has recently emerged, we selected nine sampling sites and allocated three areas to every site with a decreasing gradient of wildlife-livestock interaction: A1-a horse farm where interaction is maximal; A2-a zone of intermediate interaction 500-1000 m from the farm; and A3-an entirely wild zone of low interaction 1-5 km from the farm. At a fortnightly frequency, we estimated mosquito abundance at each of the 27 study sites in May-December 2018 and April-July 2019. We estimated bird and mammal abundance, collected meteorological information and characterised mosquito habitat at the site scale. Thereafter, we studied the determinants of Culex spp., Culex pipiens sensu lato (s.l.) Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex theileri  Theobald, 1903 abundance by constructing negative binomial generalised linear mixed models. We identified 20 mosquito species, with a notable predominance of Culex spp. and, particularly, of Cx. pipiens s.l. We found differences in the spatiotemporal distribution of Culex spp. abundance and confirmed our hypothesis by finding important effects of local environmental variations in abundance. The accumulated rainfall in fortnights 4-14 and the mean temperature of the two fortnights before sampling were positively and statistically significantly associated with the abundance of Cx. pipiens s.l. (Z = 13.09, p < 0.001, and Z = 9.91, p < 0. 001, respectively) and Culex spp. (Z = 13.35, p < 0.001, and Z = 6.99, p < 0.001, respectively), while the mean temperature of the two previous fortnights was a positive statistically significant predictor (Z = 14.69, p < 0.001) of the abundance of Cx. theileri. The farm environment was the most conducive predictor to hosting Culex spp. compared with wild settings. Our results indicate that continental Mediterranean environments are favourable for WNV circulation and maintenance, especially the environment of anthropized rural settings such as farms. These results will have an impact on the spatiotemporal risk prediction of WNF emergence in continental Mediterranean environments.

野生动物与家畜交界处西尼罗河病毒病媒数量的环境决定因素。
病媒的多样性和丰度是西尼罗河病毒(WNV)在禽类水库和临床易感哺乳动物物种之间传播动态的重要参数。因此,了解病媒数量的决定因素有助于预防西尼罗河热(WNF)病例和相关的社会经济影响。我们在野生动物与家畜的交界处设计了一项调查,以验证这样一个假设,即人类化和野生环境之间的环境有利性差异会调节 WNV 病媒的数量和传播风险。在最近出现 WNF 的地中海大陆地区,我们选择了九个采样点,并为每个采样点分配了三个区域,野生动物与家畜之间的互动呈递减梯度:A1 - 相互影响最大的养马场;A2 - 距离养马场 500-1000 米的中间影响区;A3 - 距离养马场 1-5 公里的完全野生的低影响区。在 2018 年 5 月至 12 月和 2019 年 4 月至 7 月期间,我们以每两周一次的频率估算了 27 个研究地点的蚊虫数量。我们估算了鸟类和哺乳动物的数量,收集了气象信息,并在研究地点范围内描述了蚊子栖息地的特征。之后,我们通过构建负二项广义线性混合模型,研究了库蚊属、滇库蚊(Culex pipiens sensu lato (s.l.) Linnaeus, 1758)(双翅目:库蚊科)和Theobald, 1903库蚊(Culex theileri Theobald, 1903)数量的决定因素。我们发现库蚊的丰度时空分布存在差异,并发现当地环境变化对丰度的重要影响,从而证实了我们的假设。第 4-14 两星期的累积降雨量和取样前两星期的平均气温与 Cx.
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来源期刊
Medical and Veterinary Entomology
Medical and Veterinary Entomology 农林科学-昆虫学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
5.30%
发文量
65
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Medical and Veterinary Entomology is the leading periodical in its field. The Journal covers the biology and control of insects, ticks, mites and other arthropods of medical and veterinary importance. The main strengths of the Journal lie in the fields of: -epidemiology and transmission of vector-borne pathogens changes in vector distribution that have impact on the pathogen transmission- arthropod behaviour and ecology- novel, field evaluated, approaches to biological and chemical control methods- host arthropod interactions. Please note that we do not consider submissions in forensic entomology.
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