Kinetics of Cd adsorption by biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite in some calcareous soils

IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY
Reza Keyhaninejad, Aliashraf Amirinejad, Akram Fatemi
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Abstract

Different methods have developed to reduce the risks of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils. Among them, adsorption is one of the most important and effective strategies. In this research, kinetics of Cd adsorption by biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite in some calcareous soils were investigated. A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included three types of adsorbents (sunflower's biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite), four levels of Cd (0, 20, 50, and 100 mg/L as Cd (NO3)2), and three soil samples, differing in their cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter, and calcium carbonate equivalent. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate Cd adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Furthermore, the effect of adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial pH on the adsorption efficiency was examined. Optimizing studies revealed that the best pH for Cd adsorption was 5, while the optimal equilibrium time was achieved at 24 h. The results showed that the Freundlich model fitted to the experimental data slightly better than the Langmuir model. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model better described the kinetic behavior of Cd adsorption for the investigated adsorbents. The maximum Cd removal efficiency (99%) belonged to soil No. 2 with biochar. Lastly, it was concluded that sunflower biochar, a cheap and cost-effective adsorbent, had high efficiency in Cd adsorption in calcareous soils.

Abstract Image

一些石灰性土壤中生物炭、活性炭和沸石对镉的吸附动力学
为了降低受污染土壤中潜在有毒元素的风险,人们开发了不同的方法。其中,吸附是最重要、最有效的策略之一。本研究调查了一些钙质土壤中生物炭、活性炭和沸石对镉的吸附动力学。实验采用完全随机设计,三次重复。实验因素包括三种吸附剂(向日葵生物炭、活性炭和沸石),四种镉含量(0、20、50 和 100 mg/L,以 Cd (NO3)2计),以及三种土壤样品(阳离子交换容量、土壤有机质和碳酸钙当量各不相同)。批量实验评估了镉吸附等温线和动力学模型。此外,还考察了吸附剂用量、接触时间和初始 pH 值对吸附效率的影响。优化研究表明,吸附镉的最佳 pH 值为 5,最佳平衡时间为 24 小时。此外,伪二阶动力学模型更好地描述了所研究的吸附剂对镉的吸附动力学行为。含有生物炭的 2 号土壤对镉的去除率最高(99%)。最后,研究得出结论:向日葵生物炭作为一种廉价且经济有效的吸附剂,在石灰性土壤中具有很高的镉吸附效率。
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来源期刊
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
80
审稿时长
24 weeks
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