Nafamostat mesylate sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin by promoting the ZNF24-mediated inhibition of WNT2B.

Abstract

Resistance to chemotherapeutic medicines complicates and eventually kills people with ovarian cancer. Nafamostat mesylate (NM) has been used as an adjuvant therapy to enhance chemotherapy sensitivity in several cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of NM on ovarian cancer cells susceptible to carboplatin (CBP) and to determine the underlying mechanism involved. Herein, qRT-PCR, western blot, and IHC were used to analyze mRNA and protein expression. Cell viability and proliferation were measured using the MTT and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were examined using the Transwell assay. Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell apoptosis. The interaction between zinc finger protein 24 (ZNF24) and wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2b (WNT2B) was validated via the dual-luciferase reporter and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. A xenograft nude mouse model was used to assess the effect of NM on CBP sensitivity in vivo. Our results showed that NM intervention inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion and facilitated the apoptosis of CBP-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, NM sensitized ovarian cancer cells to CBP by upregulating ZNF24. ZNF24 inactivated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting the transcription of WNT2B. Additionally, NM enhanced the inhibitory effect of CBP on tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, NM enhanced the CBP sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells by promoting the ZNF24-mediated inactivation of the WNT2B/Wnt/β-catenin axis. These findings suggest a viable treatment approach for improving CBP resistance in ovarian cancer.