Proximal and distal minority stressors and mental health among young gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Kisumu, Kenya.

IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Gary W Harper, Chenglin Hong, Juan C Jauregui, Elijah Ochieng Odhiambo, Laura Jadwin-Cakmak, Kennedy Olango, K Rivet Amico, Heather M Tucker, Myla Lyons, Wilson Odero, Susan M Graham
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Abstract

Young gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Kenya experience pervasive intersectional stigma and discrimination, contributing to elevated levels of negative mental health symptoms. Grounded in the Minority Stress Model, this paper explores associations of proximal and distal minority stressors with three types of negative mental health outcomes among young HIV-negative GBMSM (n = 63) between the ages of 19-34 who participated in a pilot trial of a sexual health intervention. Using the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PC-PTSD-5 screening measures, levels of clinically significant symptoms were reported as follows: 15.8% depressive symptoms, 12.7% anxiety symptoms, 31.7% posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results from stepwise linear regression analyses suggest that GBMSM-related stigma (distal stressor) was the strongest correlate for all three mental health outcomes, and concealment motivation (proximal stressor) was an additional significant correlate only in the depressive symptoms model. These findings should be viewed with caution and seen as initial observations given the small sample which limits our interpretations of the findings. Structural-level interventions are needed to decrease GBMSM's exposure to intersectional stigma and discrimination, such as decriminalization of same-sex sexual activity, as well as individual and group-level interventions that assist GBMSM with improving their adaptive coping strategies.

肯尼亚基苏木年轻男同性恋者、双性恋者和其他男男性行为者(GBMSM)的近端和远端少数群体压力与心理健康。
在肯尼亚,年轻的男同性恋、双性恋和其他男男性行为者(GBMSM)普遍遭受交叉污名化和歧视,导致其负面心理健康症状水平升高。本文以 "少数群体压力模型"(Minority Stress Model)为基础,探讨了近端和远端少数群体压力因素与三种负面心理健康结果之间的关联,研究对象是参加性健康干预试点试验的 19-34 岁 HIV 阴性年轻 GBMSM(n = 63)。通过使用 PHQ-9、GAD-7 和 PC-PTSD-5 筛查量表,报告的具有临床意义的症状水平如下:抑郁症状占 15.8%,焦虑症状占 12.7%,创伤后应激症状占 31.7%。逐步线性回归分析的结果表明,与 GBMSM 相关的污名化(远端压力源)是所有三种心理健康结果的最强相关因素,而隐瞒动机(近端压力源)仅在抑郁症状模型中是一个额外的显著相关因素。鉴于样本较少,我们对这些发现的解释受到限制,因此应谨慎看待这些发现,并将其视为初步观察结果。我们需要采取结构性干预措施来减少同性恋、双性恋和变性者遭受的交叉性污名化和歧视,如将同性性行为非刑罪化,以及采取个人和团体干预措施来帮助同性恋、双性恋和变性者改善其适应性应对策略。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
9.70%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Community Psychology publishes original quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research; theoretical papers; empirical reviews; reports of innovative community programs or policies; and first person accounts of stakeholders involved in research, programs, or policy. The journal encourages submissions of innovative multi-level research and interventions, and encourages international submissions. The journal also encourages the submission of manuscripts concerned with underrepresented populations and issues of human diversity. The American Journal of Community Psychology publishes research, theory, and descriptions of innovative interventions on a wide range of topics, including, but not limited to: individual, family, peer, and community mental health, physical health, and substance use; risk and protective factors for health and well being; educational, legal, and work environment processes, policies, and opportunities; social ecological approaches, including the interplay of individual family, peer, institutional, neighborhood, and community processes; social welfare, social justice, and human rights; social problems and social change; program, system, and policy evaluations; and, understanding people within their social, cultural, economic, geographic, and historical contexts.
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