The effect of phenotyping, adult selection, and mating strategies on genetic gain and rate of inbreeding in black soldier fly breeding programs

IF 3.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Genetics Selection Evolution Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1186/s12711-024-00938-y

Margot Slagboom, Hanne Marie Nielsen, Morten Kargo, Mark Henryon, Laura Skrubbeltrang Hansen

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare genetic gain and rate of inbreeding for different mass selection breeding programs with the aim of increasing larval body weight (LBW) in black soldier flies. The breeding programs differed in: (1) sampling of individuals for phenotyping (either random over the whole population or a fixed number per full sib family), (2) selection of adult flies for breeding (based on an adult individual’s phenotype for LBW or random from larvae preselected based on LBW), and (3) mating strategy (mating in a group with unequal male contributions or controlled between two females and one male). In addition, the numbers of phenotyped and preselected larvae were varied. The sex of an individual was unknown during preselection and females had higher LBW, resulting in more females being preselected. Selecting adult flies based on their phenotype for LBW increased genetic gain by 0.06 genetic standard deviation units compared to randomly selecting from the preselected larvae. Fixing the number of phenotyped larvae per family increased the rate of inbreeding by 0.15 to 0.20% per generation. Controlled mating compared to group mating decreased the rate of inbreeding by 0.02 to 0.03% per generation. Phenotyping more than 4000 larvae resulted in a lack of preselected males due to the sexual dimorphism. Preselecting both too few and too many larvae could negatively impact genetic gain, depending on the breeding program. A mass selection breeding programs in which the adult fly is selected based on their larval phenotype, breeding animals mate in a group and sampling larvae for phenotyping at random over the whole population is recommended for black soldier flies, considering the positive effect on rates of genetic gain and inbreeding. The number of phenotyped and preselected larvae should be calculated based on the expected female weight deviation to ensure sufficient male and female candidates are selected.

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表型、成蝇选择和交配策略对黑实蝇育种项目遗传增益和近交率的影响

本研究旨在比较不同大规模选育计划的遗传增益和近交率，目的是提高黑兵蝇幼虫体重（LBW）。育种方案在以下方面有所不同(1)表型个体取样（在整个种群中随机取样或在每个兄弟姐妹家族中固定取样），(2)选择成蝇进行繁殖（根据成蝇个体的低体重表型或从根据低体重预选的幼虫中随机选择），(3)交配策略（在雄性贡献不均的群体中交配或在两只雌蝇和一只雄蝇之间控制交配）。此外，表型幼虫和预选幼虫的数量也各不相同。在预选过程中，个体的性别是未知的，而雌蝇的低体重率较高，因此更多的雌蝇被预选。与从预选幼虫中随机选择相比，根据表型选择成蝇的枸杞体重增加了 0.06 个遗传标准差单位。固定每个家系的表型幼虫数量可使近交率每代提高 0.15% 至 0.20%。控制交配与群体交配相比，每代近交率降低了 0.02% 至 0.03%。对 4000 多条幼虫进行表型分析后发现，由于性二型，缺乏预选雄虫。预选幼虫数量过少或过多都会对遗传增益产生负面影响，这取决于育种计划。考虑到对遗传增殖率和近交率的积极影响，建议对黑兵蝇实施大规模选择育种计划，即根据幼虫表型选择成蝇，育种动物在群体中交配，并在整个种群中随机抽取幼虫进行表型分析。应根据预期的雌蝇体重偏差计算表型和预选幼虫的数量，以确保选出足够的雌雄候选幼虫。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Genetics Selection Evolution 生物-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

9.80%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Genetics Selection Evolution invites basic, applied and methodological content that will aid the current understanding and the utilization of genetic variability in domestic animal species. Although the focus is on domestic animal species, research on other species is invited if it contributes to the understanding of the use of genetic variability in domestic animals. Genetics Selection Evolution publishes results from all levels of study, from the gene to the quantitative trait, from the individual to the population, the breed or the species. Contributions concerning both the biological approach, from molecular genetics to quantitative genetics, as well as the mathematical approach, from population genetics to statistics, are welcome. Specific areas of interest include but are not limited to: gene and QTL identification, mapping and characterization, analysis of new phenotypes, high-throughput SNP data analysis, functional genomics, cytogenetics, genetic diversity of populations and breeds, genetic evaluation, applied and experimental selection, genomic selection, selection efficiency, and statistical methodology for the genetic analysis of phenotypes with quantitative and mixed inheritance.