Morphospace of lanternfish larvae and their interplay with oceanographic conditions from the southeastern Pacific Ocean

IF 2.3 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI:10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104413

Fernanda S. Orrego , Hugo A. Benítez , Manuel I. Castillo , Nicolás Cumplido , Alejandra Fabres , Yanara Figueroa-González , Claudia Morales , Francisca Zavala-Muñoz , Mauricio F. Landaeta

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Abstract

Lanternfish larval morphology is highly variable probably due to their adaptations to highly variable environmental conditions throughout ontogeny. To study the morphological variability of the larval stage of lanternfishes, samples were collected from the southeast Pacific Ocean between 2014 and 2022. Of the 24 species, nine belonged to the subfamily Lampanyctinae, two to the subfamily Diaphinae, one to the subfamily Notolychinae, one to the subfamily Gymnoscopelinae and 11 to the subfamily Myctophinae. A principal component analysis indicated the presence of body shapes varying from a slender and curved body, and upper jaw oriented downwards, with relatively rounded eyes, to taxa with robust bodies, particularly both the head and trunk, and elongated eyes in a dorsal-ventral plane (PC1 33%). Also, specimens varied from having short jaw, short snout, and slender body, to specimens with larger jaw (reaching behind the eye) and taller snout and trunk (PC2, 23%). Allometric effects were related to variations in body curvature and thickness (Diaphus theta, 12.9%), the curvature of the body and position of the eyes (Lampanyctodes hectoris, 25.1%), lengthening of the jaw and increase in eye size (Diogenichthys atlanticus, 24.6%), and a narrower body and smaller eyes (Hygophum bruuni, 20.5%). Four of the five subfamilies showed covariation between morphometrics and environmental conditions. Diaphinae, Gymnoscopelinae and Lampanyctinae body shape covaried with mean sea temperature of the water column, while Myctophinae larval shape covaried with mean salinity. In conclusion, this study quantifies shape variations during early lanternfish ontogeny from the southeastern Pacific Ocean, identifying main differences and allometric changes between the subfamilies belonging to Myctophidae, with a covariation between the shape of most lanternfish larvae and the environmental conditions experienced by myctophid early stages.

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东南太平洋灯笼鱼幼体的形态空间及其与海洋条件的相互作用

灯笼鱼幼体的形态变化很大，这可能是由于它们在整个个体发育过程中适应了千变万化的环境条件。为了研究灯笼鱼幼体阶段的形态变异，研究人员于 2014 年至 2022 年期间在东南太平洋采集了样本。在这24个物种中，9个属于灯笼鱼亚科，2个属于蝶形亚科，1个属于灯笼鱼亚科，1个属于灯笼鱼亚科，11个属于灯笼鱼亚科。主成分分析表明，这些类群的体型各不相同，有的体型纤细弯曲，上颚朝下，眼睛相对较圆；有的体型粗壮，尤其是头部和躯干，眼睛在背腹平面上拉长（PC1 33%）。此外，标本的形态也各不相同，有的下颌短小、吻部短小、身体细长，有的下颌较大（伸到眼睛后方）、吻部和躯干较高（PC2，23%）。异速效应与身体弧度和厚度的变化（Diaphus theta，12.9%）、身体弧度和眼睛位置的变化（Lampanyctodes hectoris，25.1%）、下颌变长和眼睛增大（Diogenichthys atlanticus，24.6%）以及身体变窄和眼睛变小（Hygophum bruuni，20.5%）有关。五个亚科中有四个亚科的形态计量学与环境条件之间存在共变。Diaphinae、Gymnoscopelinae 和 Lampanyctinae 的体形与水体的平均海水温度相关，而 Myctophinae 的幼体体形与平均盐度相关。总之，这项研究量化了东南太平洋灯笼鱼早期个体发育过程中的体形变化，确定了栉水母亚科之间的主要差异和异速变化，大多数灯笼鱼幼体的体形与栉水母早期阶段所经历的环境条件之间存在共变关系。

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来源期刊

Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers 地学-海洋学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

4.20%

发文量

144

审稿时长

18.3 weeks

期刊介绍： Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers is devoted to the publication of the results of original scientific research, including theoretical work of evident oceanographic applicability; and the solution of instrumental or methodological problems with evidence of successful use. The journal is distinguished by its interdisciplinary nature and its breadth, covering the geological, physical, chemical and biological aspects of the ocean and its boundaries with the sea floor and the atmosphere. In addition to regular "Research Papers" and "Instruments and Methods" papers, briefer communications may be published as "Notes". Supplemental matter, such as extensive data tables or graphs and multimedia content, may be published as electronic appendices.