Decision Fusion Model for Predicting Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Multi-MR Habitat Imaging and Machine-Learning Classifiers

Abstract

Rationale and Objectives

Accurate prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for guiding treatment. This study evaluates and compares the performance of clinicoradiologic, traditional radiomics, deep-learning radiomics, feature fusion, and decision fusion models based on multi-region MR habitat imaging using six machine-learning classifiers.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively included 300 HCC patients. The intratumoral and peritumoral regions were segmented into distinct habitats, from which radiomics and deep-learning features were extracted using arterial phase MR images. To reduce feature dimensionality, we applied intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) filtering, and recursive feature elimination (RFE). Based on the selected optimal features, prediction models were constructed using decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and XGBoost (XGB) classifiers. Additionally, fusion models were developed utilizing both feature fusion and decision fusion strategies. The performance of these models was validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.

Results

The decision fusion model (VOI-Peri10–1) using LR and integrating clinicoradiologic, radiomics, and deep-learning features achieved the highest AUC of 0.808 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.807–0.912) in the test cohort, with good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, P > 0.050) and clinical net benefit.

Conclusion

The LR-based decision fusion model integrating clinicoradiologic, radiomics, and deep-learning features shows promise for preoperative prediction of MVI in HCC, aiding in patient outcome predictions and personalized treatment planning.