Measuring behavioral synchronization and spatial cohesion in the activity budgets of three adult white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) dyads in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand.

IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY
Lydia E O Light, Milena L Romano
{"title":"Measuring behavioral synchronization and spatial cohesion in the activity budgets of three adult white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) dyads in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand.","authors":"Lydia E O Light, Milena L Romano","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10041","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individual behavior of primates living in small groups is often seen to represent behavior of all group members due to close spatial cohesion. However, given that females expend more energy on reproduction than males (including lactation and infant carrying), females and males may exhibit different behaviors even when maintaining spatial proximity, particularly in highly seasonal or resource-poor environments. We collected 187 hours of data from three dyads (n = 6 individuals) of white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) living in a fruit-poor environment in western Thailand during the period of fruit scarcity. We calculated activity budgets, dyad behavioral synchronization, and dyad spatial cohesion. We hypothesized that activity budgets would differ significantly between sexes or pairs would engage in behaviors independently to provide females with an opportunity to obtain more resources. We also hypothesized that pairs would remain in close proximity. Overall, activity budgets exhibited significant variation when analyzed by sex (X2 = 27.693, P ⩽ 0.001) and group (X2 = 119.584, P ⩽ 0.001). Females spent less time resting and vocalizing and more time traveling compared to males. Percentages of synchronized behavior were lower than expected with only 55% of records synchronized (group B: 58.6%; group D: 58.5%; group L: 49.7%). Spatial cohesion, however, was relatively high overall with adults in the same or adjacent trees in 67.1% of paired records but significantly variable across groups (B: 89.4%; D: 73.1%; L: 48.2%; X2 = 190.111, P ⩽ 0.001). We suggest that behavioral synchronization and spatial cohesion may be indicators of pair bond strength, not just the result of pair living. Given differences in activity budgets, low behavioral synchronization, and variable amounts of time pair mates spent apart, we conclude that pair mates should be considered individual actors who engage in behaviors independently from one another, particularly when coping with challenging ecological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Folia Primatologica","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10041","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ZOOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Individual behavior of primates living in small groups is often seen to represent behavior of all group members due to close spatial cohesion. However, given that females expend more energy on reproduction than males (including lactation and infant carrying), females and males may exhibit different behaviors even when maintaining spatial proximity, particularly in highly seasonal or resource-poor environments. We collected 187 hours of data from three dyads (n = 6 individuals) of white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) living in a fruit-poor environment in western Thailand during the period of fruit scarcity. We calculated activity budgets, dyad behavioral synchronization, and dyad spatial cohesion. We hypothesized that activity budgets would differ significantly between sexes or pairs would engage in behaviors independently to provide females with an opportunity to obtain more resources. We also hypothesized that pairs would remain in close proximity. Overall, activity budgets exhibited significant variation when analyzed by sex (X2 = 27.693, P ⩽ 0.001) and group (X2 = 119.584, P ⩽ 0.001). Females spent less time resting and vocalizing and more time traveling compared to males. Percentages of synchronized behavior were lower than expected with only 55% of records synchronized (group B: 58.6%; group D: 58.5%; group L: 49.7%). Spatial cohesion, however, was relatively high overall with adults in the same or adjacent trees in 67.1% of paired records but significantly variable across groups (B: 89.4%; D: 73.1%; L: 48.2%; X2 = 190.111, P ⩽ 0.001). We suggest that behavioral synchronization and spatial cohesion may be indicators of pair bond strength, not just the result of pair living. Given differences in activity budgets, low behavioral synchronization, and variable amounts of time pair mates spent apart, we conclude that pair mates should be considered individual actors who engage in behaviors independently from one another, particularly when coping with challenging ecological conditions.

在泰国怀卡庆野生动物保护区测量三只成年白手长臂猿(Hylobates lar)的活动预算中的行为同步性和空间凝聚力。
生活在小群体中的灵长类动物由于空间凝聚力很强,其个体行为通常被认为代表了群体所有成员的行为。然而,由于雌性灵长类动物比雄性灵长类动物花费更多的能量用于繁殖(包括哺乳和怀抱婴儿),因此雌性灵长类动物和雄性灵长类动物即使在保持空间接近的情况下也可能表现出不同的行为,尤其是在季节性强或资源匮乏的环境中。我们收集了生活在泰国西部水果匮乏环境中的三对白手长臂猿(Hylobates lar)(n = 6 个个体)在水果匮乏时期的 187 个小时的数据。我们计算了白手长臂猿的活动预算、配对行为同步性和配对空间凝聚力。我们假设雌雄之间的活动预算会有显著差异,或者成对的雌雄会独立参与行为,为雌性提供获得更多资源的机会。我们还假设,成对的雌雄会保持紧密的距离。总体而言,按性别(X2 = 27.693,P ⩽0.001)和组别(X2 = 119.584,P ⩽0.001)分析,活动预算表现出显著差异。与雄性相比,雌性用于休息和发声的时间较少,而用于旅行的时间较多。同步行为的百分比低于预期,只有 55% 的记录是同步的(B 组:58.6%;D 组:58.5%;L 组:49.7%)。然而,空间凝聚力总体相对较高,67.1%的配对记录显示成虫在同一棵树或相邻的树上,但各组之间存在显著差异(B 组:89.4%;D 组:73.1%;L 组:48.2%;X2 = 190.111,P ⩽ 0.001)。我们认为,行为同步和空间凝聚力可能是配对结合强度的指标,而不仅仅是配对生活的结果。考虑到活动预算的差异、低行为同步性以及配对配偶分开时间的不同,我们得出结论,配对配偶应被视为个体行动者,他们的行为彼此独立,尤其是在应对具有挑战性的生态条件时。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Folia Primatologica
Folia Primatologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
10.50%
发文量
36
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Recognizing that research in human biology must be founded on a comparative knowledge of our closest relatives, this journal is the natural scientist''s ideal means of access to the best of current primate research. ''Folia Primatologica'' covers fields as diverse as molecular biology and social behaviour, and features articles on ecology, conservation, palaeontology, systematics and functional anatomy. In-depth articles and invited reviews are contributed by the world’s leading primatologists. In addition, special issues provide rapid peer-reviewed publication of conference proceedings. ''Folia Primatologica'' is one of the top-rated primatology publications and is acknowledged worldwide as a high-impact core journal for primatologists, zoologists and anthropologists.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信