A quantification of the electron return effect using Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements for the MRI-linac.

IF 1.3 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING
Francesco Tortorelli Tortorelli, Cristian Borrazzo, Marica Masi, Maria Rago, Randa El Gawhary, Claudio Properzi, Domenico Marchesano, Gianmarco Grimaldi, Federico Bianciardi, Ivan Annessi, Annamaria Dipalma, Maria Valentino, Laura Verna, Giuseppina Chiarello, Wolfango Plastino, Piercarlo Gentile
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The integration of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and linear accelerators into hybrid treatment systems has made MR-guided radiation therapy a clinical reality. This work aims to evaluate the influence of the Electron Return Effect (ERE) on the dose distributions. This study was conducted using MRIdian (ViewRay, Cleveland, Ohio) system. Monte-Carlo simulations (MCs) and experimental measurements with EBT3 Gafchromic films were performed to investigate the dose distribution in a slab water phantom with and without a 2-cm air gap. Plus, MCs took into account different field sizes and a lung gap. A gamma analysis compared calculated versus measured dose distributions. The MCs have shown an increase of the ERE with the radiation field size both in Percent Depth Dose (PDD) and crossline direction. As concerns to the PDD direction, the smallest field for which there was a significant dose accumulation was 4.15x4.15 cm2 both for air-gap (13.5%) and lung-gap (3.3%). The largest field for which there was a significant dose accumulation was 24.07x24.07 cm2 both for air-gap (39.7%) and lung-gap (4.9%). Instead for the crossline direction, the smallest field for which there was a significant dose accumulation was 2.49x2.49 cm2 both for air-gap (8.6% ) and lung-gap (0.5%). The largest field for which there was a significant dose accumulation was 24.07x24.07 cm2 both for air-gap (46.2%) and lung-gap (4.2%). PDD and crossline profiles showed good agreement with a gamma-passing rate higher than 91.15% for 2%/2mm. The ERE can be adequately calculated by MC dose calculation platform available in the MRIdian Treatment Planning System. The MCs show an increase of the ERE directly proportional with the radiation field size. Good agreement was observed between the experimental measurements and calculated dose distributions.

利用蒙特卡洛模拟和实验测量对核磁共振成像林纳克的电子返回效应进行量化。
将磁共振(MR)成像和直线加速器整合到混合治疗系统中,使磁共振引导的放射治疗成为临床现实。这项研究使用 MRIdian(ViewRay,俄亥俄州克利夫兰市)系统进行。使用 EBT3 Gafchromic 薄膜进行了蒙特卡洛模拟(MC)和实验测量,以研究有 2 厘米气隙和无 2 厘米气隙的板状水模型中的剂量分布。此外,模拟还考虑了不同的场大小和肺间隙。伽马分析比较了计算得出的剂量分布与测量得出的剂量分布。就深度剂量百分比(PDD)方向而言,在气隙(13.5%)和肺隙(3.3%)出现显著剂量累积的最小辐射场为 4.15x4.15 平方厘米。空气间隙(39.7%)和肺间隙(4.9%)的最大剂量累积区域为 24.07x24.07 平方厘米。而在横线方向上,空气间隙(8.6%)和肺间隙(0.5%)出现明显剂量累积的最小区域为 2.49x2.49 平方厘米。气隙(46.2%)和肺隙(4.2%)的最大剂量累积区域为 24.07x24.07 平方厘米。MRIdian治疗计划系统中的MC剂量计算平台可以充分计算ERE。MC显示ERE的增加与辐射场的大小成正比。实验测量结果与计算得出的剂量分布之间具有良好的一致性。
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来源期刊
Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express
Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
153
期刊介绍: BPEX is an inclusive, international, multidisciplinary journal devoted to publishing new research on any application of physics and/or engineering in medicine and/or biology. Characterized by a broad geographical coverage and a fast-track peer-review process, relevant topics include all aspects of biophysics, medical physics and biomedical engineering. Papers that are almost entirely clinical or biological in their focus are not suitable. The journal has an emphasis on publishing interdisciplinary work and bringing research fields together, encompassing experimental, theoretical and computational work.
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