Probing-aided spectrum sensing-based hybrid access strategy for energy harvesting CRNs

IF 4.5 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Xiaoying Liu , Xinyu Kuang , Yuxin Chen , Kechen Zheng , Jia Liu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

To address the issues of energy supply and spectrum scarcity in Internet of Things (IoT), energy harvesting (EH) and cognitive radio (CR) technologies have been proposed and widely applied. In EH-CR networks (EH-CRNs), miss detection causes significant energy and time wastage of IoT devices, especially secondary users (SUs), and causes serious interference to primary users (PUs). To alleviate this concern, we propose a probing-aided spectrum sensing (PaSS) model for EH-CRNs, where M pairs of PUs and one pair of SUs coexist. The secondary transmitter (ST) harvests energy from the radio frequency (RF) signals of PUs for opportunistic spectrum access. In the PaSS model, probing operation is employed to further confirm the real state of the spectrum that has been sensed as free in order to avoid the waste of time and energy resulting from miss detection. Based on the PaSS model, we propose a novel hybrid access strategy, where the ST’s actions (i.e., sensing, probing, EH, underlay/overlay transmission mode) depend on the belief vector of M channels, energy state and data buffer state of the ST. By developing an adjusted double deep Q-network (ADDQN) reinforcement learning algorithm, we aim to find the optimal strategy that minimizes the long-term average number of packet losses (ANPL) and the ANPL minimization problem is an integer programming problem. Simulation results validate the ANPL performance of the ST in the ADDQN-PaSS model, and reveal impacts of network parameters on the performance of the ST, and find that at least 7.9% reduction of ANPL is achieved by using the ADDQN-PaSS model.
基于探测辅助频谱传感的混合接入策略,适用于能量收集 CRN
为解决物联网(IoT)中的能源供应和频谱稀缺问题,人们提出并广泛应用了能量收集(EH)和认知无线电(CR)技术。在 EH-CR 网络(EH-CRN)中,漏检会造成物联网设备(尤其是二级用户(SU))大量的能源和时间浪费,并对一级用户(PU)造成严重干扰。为了缓解这一问题,我们为 EH-CRNs 提出了一种探测辅助频谱感知(PaSS)模型,在该模型中,M 对 PU 和一对 SU 共存。辅助发射机(ST)从 PU 的射频(RF)信号中获取能量,以实现机会性频谱接入。在 PaSS 模型中,探测操作被用来进一步确认已感知为空闲的频谱的真实状态,以避免漏检造成的时间和能量浪费。基于 PaSS 模型,我们提出了一种新型混合接入策略,ST 的操作(即感知、探测、EH、下叠/上叠传输模式)取决于 M 信道的信念向量、ST 的能量状态和数据缓冲器状态。通过开发调整后的双深度 Q 网络(ADDQN)强化学习算法,我们的目标是找到使长期平均丢包数(ANPL)最小的最优策略,而 ANPL 最小化问题是一个整数编程问题。仿真结果验证了 ST 在 ADDQN-PaSS 模型中的 ANPL 性能,揭示了网络参数对 ST 性能的影响,并发现使用 ADDQN-PaSS 模型至少能降低 7.9% 的 ANPL。
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来源期刊
Computer Communications
Computer Communications 工程技术-电信学
CiteScore
14.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
397
审稿时长
66 days
期刊介绍: Computer and Communications networks are key infrastructures of the information society with high socio-economic value as they contribute to the correct operations of many critical services (from healthcare to finance and transportation). Internet is the core of today''s computer-communication infrastructures. This has transformed the Internet, from a robust network for data transfer between computers, to a global, content-rich, communication and information system where contents are increasingly generated by the users, and distributed according to human social relations. Next-generation network technologies, architectures and protocols are therefore required to overcome the limitations of the legacy Internet and add new capabilities and services. The future Internet should be ubiquitous, secure, resilient, and closer to human communication paradigms. Computer Communications is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes high-quality scientific articles (both theory and practice) and survey papers covering all aspects of future computer communication networks (on all layers, except the physical layer), with a special attention to the evolution of the Internet architecture, protocols, services, and applications.
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