Understanding Loss of Control Eating Through the Lens of Expectancies and Reinforcement Sensitization.

IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY
Emily K Burr, Robert D Dvorak, Ardhys N De Leon, Samantha J Klaver, Roselyn Peterson, Emma R Hayden, Madison H Maynard, Sabrina Almeyda, Alejandra Medina
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Abstract

Objective: Prior research has indicated that outcome expectancies, sensitivity to punishment, and sensitivity to reward may predict harmful health behaviors concurrently, including disordered eating. Loss-of-control eating (LOCE), feeling unable to resist eating or stop once one has started, is associated with expectancies that eating alleviates negative affect (NA reduction expectancies) and expectancies that eating is rewarding (reward expectancies).

Method: A survey battery was administered examining LOCE pathology, sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and eating expectancies to a sample of 1660 adults in the United States (Mage = 39.24 (14.51), 73.86% assigned female at birth). It was hypothesized that sensitivity to punishment would have a potentiating effect on the relationship between NA reduction expectancies and LOCE (a two-way interactive effect). This relationship was theorized to be moderated by the effect of reward sensitivity (a three-way interactive effect), as reward sensitivity has been found to interact with punishment sensitivity. Similarly, reward expectancies on LOCE were thought to be potentiated by sensitivity to reward (a two-way interactive effect) and this relationship was also thought to be influenced by sensitivity to punishment (a three-way interactive effect).

Results: Hypotheses were partially supported. Sensitivity to punishment significantly moderated a two-way interactive relationship between reward sensitivity and reward expectancies on LOCE, attenuating this two-way interaction at low sensitivity to punishment. Similarly, the interaction between sensitivity to punishment and NA reduction expectancies on LOCE was only significant when reward sensitivity was low or at its mean.

Conclusion: Sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward evince nuanced interactions with each other and eating expectancies to predict LOCE. Findings have treatment implications for cognitive interventions in LOCE.

从期望和强化敏感性的角度理解失控饮食。
研究目的先前的研究表明,结果预期、对惩罚的敏感性和对奖励的敏感性可同时预测有害健康的行为,包括饮食失调。进食失控(LOCE)是指无法抗拒进食或一旦开始进食就无法停止的感觉,它与进食可减轻负面情绪的预期(NA 减少预期)和进食可获得奖励的预期(奖励预期)有关:对美国 1660 名成年人(年龄 = 39.24 (14.51),73.86% 出生时为女性)进行了调查,研究 LOCE 病理学、对惩罚的敏感性、对奖励的敏感性和进食期望。根据假设,对惩罚的敏感性会对减少 NA 的期望值与 LOCE 之间的关系产生增效作用(双向交互作用)。由于奖赏敏感性与惩罚敏感性之间存在交互作用,因此假设这种关系会受到奖赏敏感性的影响(三向交互作用)。同样,对 LOCE 的奖赏预期被认为会受到奖赏敏感度的影响(双向交互效应),这种关系还被认为会受到惩罚敏感度的影响(三向交互效应):结果:假设得到部分支持。对惩罚的敏感性在很大程度上调节了奖赏敏感性和奖赏期望在 LOCE 上的双向互动关系,在对惩罚的敏感性较低时,这种双向互动关系会减弱。同样,只有当奖励敏感度较低或处于平均水平时,对惩罚的敏感度和对LOCE的NA减少预期之间的交互作用才会显著:结论:对惩罚的敏感性和对奖励的敏感性之间存在着微妙的相互作用,而进食期望也能预测 LOCE。研究结果对LOCE的认知干预具有治疗意义。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
48
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Internationally recognized, Psychiatry has responded to rapid research advances in psychiatry, psychology, neuroscience, trauma, and psychopathology. Increasingly, studies in these areas are being placed in the context of human development across the lifespan, and the multiple systems that influence individual functioning. This journal provides broadly applicable and effective strategies for dealing with the major unsolved problems in the field.
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