Recent advances in shape memory scaffolds and regenerative outcomes.

Abstract

The advent of tissue engineering (TE) technologies has revolutionized human medicine over the last few decades. Despite splendid advances in the fabricating and development of different substrates for regenerative purposes, non-responsive static composites have been used to heal injured tissues. After being transplanted into the target sites, grafts will lose their original features, leading to a reduction in regenerative potential. Along with these statements, the use of shape memory polymers (SMPs), smart substrates with unique physicochemical properties, has been extended in different disciplines of regenerative medicine in recent years. These substrates are intelligent and they can easily change physicogeometry features such as stiffness, strain size, shape, etc. in response to external stimuli. It has been proposed that SMPs can easily acquire their original properties after deformation, even in the presence or absence of certain stimuli. It has been indicated that the application of distinct synthesis protocols is required to fabricate dynamically switchable surfaces with prominent cell-to-substrate interaction, resulting in better regulation of cell function, dynamic growth, and reparative mechanisms. Here, we aimed to scrutinize the prominent regenerative properties of SMPs in the TE and regenerative medicine fields. Whether and how SMPs can orchestrate certain cell behavior, with reconfigurable features and adaptability were discussed in detail.