Medication management: how medication review improves lives and reduces waste.

Abstract

Ageing is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions. This calls for great care and diligent follow up when prescribing medication to older patients. Yet, this is seldom the case and the proportion of older people taking five or more medications has quadrupled from 12% to 49% in the last 20 years. Certain medications are riskier than others. Those with anticholinergic effects are of particular concern. Adverse effects of anticholinergics include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, urinary retention, blurred vision, tachycardia and neurologic impairment, such as confusion and agitation. Anticholinergic medication can cause daytime drowsiness and cognitive decline, while increasing the risk of fall and can lead to increased mortality. Although anticholinergic medication should be avoided in older people whenever possible, their use has almost doubled in the last 20 years, and those who are most vulnerable to its adverse effects had the greatest increase in use. This article examines why older people are at increased risk of adverse drug reactions and how medication review can enable older persons to take medications regularly, improve quality of life and minimise medication waste.