Divergent age-related changes in parasite infection occur independently of behaviour and demography in a wild ungulate.

IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
Gregory F Albery, Adam Z Hasik, Sean Morris, Alison Morris, Fiona Kenyon, David McBean, Josephine M Pemberton, Daniel H Nussey, Josh A Firth
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Abstract

As animals age, they exhibit a suite of phenotypic changes, often including reductions in movement and social behaviour ('behavioural ageing'). By altering an individual's exposure to parasites, behavioural ageing may influence infection status trajectories over the lifespan. However, these processes could be confounded by age-related changes in other phenotypic traits, or by selective disappearance of certain individuals owing to parasite-induced mortality. Here, we uncover contrasting age-related patterns of infection across three helminth parasites in wild adult female red deer (Cervus elaphus). Counts of strongyle nematodes (order: Strongylida) increased with age, while counts of liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) and tissue worm (Elaphostrongylus cervi) decreased, and lungworm (Dictyocaulus) counts did not change. These relationships could not be explained by socio-spatial behaviours, spatial structuring, or selective disappearance, suggesting behavioural ageing is unlikely to be responsible for driving age trends. Instead, social connectedness and strongyle infection were positively correlated, such that direct age-infection trends were directly contrasted with the effects implied by previously documented behavioural ageing. This suggests that behavioural ageing may reduce parasite exposure, potentially countering other age-related changes. These findings demonstrate that different parasites can show contrasting age trajectories depending on diverse intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and that behaviour's role in these processes is likely to be complex and multidirectional.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Understanding age and society using natural populations'.

在野生蹄类动物身上,寄生虫感染与年龄有关的不同变化与行为和种群无关。
随着年龄的增长,动物会出现一系列表型变化,通常包括运动和社会行为的减少("行为老化")。通过改变个体接触寄生虫的机会,行为老化可能会影响整个生命周期的感染状况轨迹。然而,这些过程可能会被其他表型特征与年龄相关的变化或因寄生虫引起的死亡导致的某些个体的选择性消失所混淆。在这里,我们发现了野生成年雌性赤鹿(Cervus elaphus)感染三种蠕虫寄生虫的与年龄相关的对比模式。强直线虫(强直目)的数量随着年龄的增长而增加,而肝吸虫(Fasciola hepatica)和组织蠕虫(Elaphostrongylus cervi)的数量减少,肺吸虫(Dictyocaulus)的数量没有变化。这些关系无法用社会空间行为、空间结构或选择性消失来解释,表明行为老化不太可能是导致年龄趋势的原因。相反,社会联系与强疟原虫感染呈正相关,因此直接的年龄-感染趋势与之前记录的行为老化所暗示的影响形成了直接对比。这表明,行为老化可能会减少寄生虫暴露,从而有可能抵消其他与年龄有关的变化。这些研究结果表明,不同的寄生虫会因不同的内在和外在因素而表现出截然不同的年龄轨迹,而行为在这些过程中的作用可能是复杂和多向的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
1.60%
发文量
365
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes topics across the life sciences. As long as the core subject lies within the biological sciences, some issues may also include content crossing into other areas such as the physical sciences, social sciences, biophysics, policy, economics etc. Issues generally sit within four broad areas (although many issues sit across these areas): Organismal, environmental and evolutionary biology Neuroscience and cognition Cellular, molecular and developmental biology Health and disease.
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