Implications of in-ice volume scattering for radio-frequency neutrino experiments

IF 5.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
A. Nozdrina and D. Besson
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Abstract

Over the last three decades, several experimental initiatives have been launched with the goal of observing radio-frequency signals produced by ultra-high energy neutrinos (UHEN) interacting in solid media. Observed neutrino event signatures comprise impulsive signals with duration of order the inverse of the antenna+system bandwidth (∼10 ns), superimposed upon an incoherent (typically white noise) thermal noise spectrum. Whereas bulk volume scattering (VS) of radio-frequency (RF) signals is well-studied within the radio-glaciological communities, polar ice-based neutrino-detection experiments have thus far neglected VS in their signal projections. As discussed herein, coherent volume scattering (CVS, for which the phase of the incident signal is preserved during scattering) generated by in-ice neutrino interactions may similarly produce short-duration signal-like power, albeit with a slightly extended time structure, and thereby enhance neutrino detection rates, whereas incoherent (randomized phase) volume scattering (IVS) will persist for O(100 ns), appearing similar to thermal white noise and therefore reducing the measured Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of neutrino signals. Herein, we present the expected voltage profiles resulting from in-ice volume scattering as a function of the molecular scattering cross-section, for both CVS and IVS, and assess their impact on UHEN experiments. VS contributions are currently only weakly constrained by extant data; stronger limits may be obtained with dedicated calibration experiments.
冰内体积散射对射频中微子实验的影响
在过去的三十年里,已经启动了多项实验计划,目的是观测超高能中微子(UHEN)在固体介质中相互作用产生的射频信号。观测到的中微子事件特征包括持续时间为天线+系统带宽倒数(∼10 ns)的脉冲信号,叠加在不连贯(通常是白噪声)热噪声频谱上。射频(RF)信号的体散射(VS)在射电冰川学界得到了广泛研究,而基于极地冰层的中微子探测实验迄今为止在其信号预测中忽略了体散射。正如本文所讨论的,由冰内中微子相互作用产生的相干体散射(CVS,在散射过程中入射信号的相位保持不变)可能会产生类似短时信号的功率,尽管时间结构略有延长,从而提高中微子探测率,而非相干(随机相位)体散射(IVS)将持续 O(100 ns),看起来类似于热白噪声,因此降低了中微子信号的测量信噪比(SNR)。在此,我们将冰内体积散射产生的预期电压曲线作为分子散射截面的函数,用于 CVS 和 IVS,并评估其对 UHEN 实验的影响。目前,VS 的贡献仅受到现有数据的微弱约束;通过专门的校准实验可能会获得更强的限制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
23.40%
发文量
632
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP) encompasses theoretical, observational and experimental areas as well as computation and simulation. The journal covers the latest developments in the theory of all fundamental interactions and their cosmological implications (e.g. M-theory and cosmology, brane cosmology). JCAP''s coverage also includes topics such as formation, dynamics and clustering of galaxies, pre-galactic star formation, x-ray astronomy, radio astronomy, gravitational lensing, active galactic nuclei, intergalactic and interstellar matter.
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