US States with poor social health outcomes and more firearms have more morbidity due to mass shootings.

Tony Lum, Alex Huang, Megan E Paul, Brian A Coakley
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Abstract

Background: Mass shootings represent a persistent public health crisis. Prior studies have linked social determinants of health (SDOH) to the phenomenon of gun violence, but there remain limited analyses on mass shooting events specifically.

Methods: Mass shooting events from 2014-2019 were recorded from the Gun Violence Archive. State-level data regarding population, ATF registered weapons, federal firearm licensees and several SDOHs (poverty, unemployment and educational attainment) were collected from publicly-available US governmental databases. Giffords Law Center rankings were used to assess the relative strictness of each state's gun laws. Gun ownership rates were obtained from the RAND Corporation. Bivariate analyses compared each SDOH, as well as ATF registered weapons, Giffords Center ranking and gun ownership rates, to the death rate, injury rate, and combined injury/death rate from mass shootings in each state. All associations were evaluated via Pearson's Rho. Slope and p-values were analyzed, with a threshold significance value of p less than 0.05.

Results: Unadjusted analysis revealed poor mental health, decreased educational attainment and increased unemployment to all be associated with an increased risk of mass shooting-related injury or death. Adjusted analysis revealed fewer firearm regulations, higher gun ownership, lack of handgun magazine restrictions and lack of long-gun registration requirements were associated with an increased risk of mass-shooting death. Similarly, adjusted analysis revealed lack of handgun permit requirements to be associated with both an increased risk of mass shooting-related injury and combined risk of injury/death.

Conclusions: This study revealed associations between multiple SDOH and firearm restrictions with morbidity due to mass shooting events.

社会健康状况较差、枪支较多的美国各州因大规模枪击事件而导致的发病率较高。
背景:大规模枪击事件是一个长期存在的公共卫生危机。先前的研究已将健康的社会决定因素(SDOH)与枪支暴力现象联系起来,但专门针对大规模枪击事件的分析仍然有限:从枪支暴力档案中记录了 2014-2019 年的大规模枪击事件。从公开的美国政府数据库中收集了有关人口、ATF 注册武器、联邦枪支执照持有者和几个 SDOHs(贫困、失业和教育程度)的州级数据。吉福兹法律中心排名用于评估各州枪支法律的相对严格程度。枪支拥有率来自兰德公司。双变量分析将各州的 SDOH、ATF 登记武器、吉福德斯法律中心排名和枪支拥有率与大规模枪击事件的死亡率、受伤率和受伤/死亡综合比率进行比较。所有关联均通过 Pearson's Rho 进行评估。对斜率和 p 值进行分析,显著性临界值为 p 小于 0.05:未经调整的分析表明,心理健康状况不佳、教育程度下降和失业率上升都与大规模枪击相关伤亡风险增加有关。调整后的分析表明,枪支法规较少、枪支拥有率较高、缺乏手枪弹夹限制和缺乏长枪登记要求与大规模枪击死亡风险增加有关。同样,调整分析表明,缺乏手枪许可证要求与大规模枪击相关的受伤风险和受伤/死亡的综合风险增加有关:本研究揭示了多种 SDOH 和枪支限制与大规模枪击事件发病率之间的关系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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