Cognitive Trajectories and Associated Social and Behavioral Determinants Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Older Adults in the United States.

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 GERONTOLOGY

Gerontologist Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1093/geront/gnae147

Kun Wang, Xiayu Summer Chen, Xiaoyi Zeng, Bei Wu, Jinyu Liu, Jane Daquin, Clara Li

{"title":"Cognitive Trajectories and Associated Social and Behavioral Determinants Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Older Adults in the United States.","authors":"Kun Wang, Xiayu Summer Chen, Xiaoyi Zeng, Bei Wu, Jinyu Liu, Jane Daquin, Clara Li","doi":"10.1093/geront/gnae147","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Despite higher risks of developing Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD) among racial/ethnic minority populations, some maintain good cognition until old age. This study aimed to investigate heterogeneous cognitive trajectories among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic older adults, examine cognitive impairment prevalence across trajectory classes, and identify associated social and behavioral determinants.Research design and methods: Using 11 waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (1996-2016), 1,322 non-Hispanic Black and 747 Hispanic adults aged 50 + with normal cognition in 1996 were included. Latent class growth modeling and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to examine cognitive trajectories and associated determinants.Results: For both racial/ethnic groups, three trajectory classes were identified: high, medium, and low cognition. In the low cognition class, 87% and 100% of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants developed cognitive impairment. For both racial/ethnic groups, older age and living in rural areas during school time increased the likelihood of being in the low cognition class, while more education was associated with a lower likelihood. Unique risk and protective determinants for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants were also identified.Discussion and implications: This study reveals the heterogeneity of cognitive trajectories among racial/ethnic minority older adults and various associated social and behavioral determinants. More prevention interventions and accessible, affordable diagnosis and treatment should be provided to older racial/ethnic minorities with these characteristics to reduce disparities. More research is needed to further explore associations between unique determinants and cognition in racial/ethnic minority populations to better inform interventions.","PeriodicalId":51347,"journal":{"name":"Gerontologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Gerontologist","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnae147","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GERONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and objectives: Despite higher risks of developing Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD) among racial/ethnic minority populations, some maintain good cognition until old age. This study aimed to investigate heterogeneous cognitive trajectories among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic older adults, examine cognitive impairment prevalence across trajectory classes, and identify associated social and behavioral determinants.

Research design and methods: Using 11 waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (1996-2016), 1,322 non-Hispanic Black and 747 Hispanic adults aged 50 + with normal cognition in 1996 were included. Latent class growth modeling and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to examine cognitive trajectories and associated determinants.

Results: For both racial/ethnic groups, three trajectory classes were identified: high, medium, and low cognition. In the low cognition class, 87% and 100% of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants developed cognitive impairment. For both racial/ethnic groups, older age and living in rural areas during school time increased the likelihood of being in the low cognition class, while more education was associated with a lower likelihood. Unique risk and protective determinants for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants were also identified.

Discussion and implications: This study reveals the heterogeneity of cognitive trajectories among racial/ethnic minority older adults and various associated social and behavioral determinants. More prevention interventions and accessible, affordable diagnosis and treatment should be provided to older racial/ethnic minorities with these characteristics to reduce disparities. More research is needed to further explore associations between unique determinants and cognition in racial/ethnic minority populations to better inform interventions.

查看原文本刊更多论文

美国少数种族/族裔老年人的认知轨迹及相关社会和行为决定因素》（Cognitive Trajectories and Associated Social and Behavioral Determinants Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Older Adults in the United States）。

背景和目的：尽管种族/族裔少数群体罹患阿尔茨海默病和阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆症（AD/ADRD）的风险较高，但有些人直到老年仍保持良好的认知能力。本研究旨在调查非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔老年人的异质性认知轨迹，检查不同轨迹等级的认知障碍发生率，并确定相关的社会和行为决定因素：利用 "健康与退休研究"（Health and Retirement Study，1996-2016 年）的 11 波数据，纳入了 1996 年认知正常、年龄在 50 岁以上的 1,322 名非西班牙裔黑人和 747 名西班牙裔成年人。研究人员采用潜类增长模型和多项式逻辑回归来研究认知轨迹和相关决定因素：结果：在这两个种族/族裔群体中，确定了三个认知轨迹等级：高认知、中认知和低认知。在低认知等级中，非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔参与者中分别有 87% 和 100% 出现认知障碍。对于这两个种族/族裔群体来说，年龄越大和上学期间居住在农村地区的人进入低认知等级的可能性越大，而教育程度越高的人进入低认知等级的可能性越小。研究还发现了非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔参与者的独特风险和保护性决定因素：本研究揭示了少数种族/族裔老年人认知轨迹的异质性以及各种相关的社会和行为决定因素。应向具有这些特征的少数种族/族裔老年人提供更多的预防干预措施以及方便、可负担的诊断和治疗，以减少差异。还需要开展更多的研究，进一步探索少数种族/族裔人口中独特的决定因素与认知之间的关联，以便更好地为干预措施提供信息。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Gerontologist GERONTOLOGY-

CiteScore

11.00

自引率

8.80%

发文量

171

期刊介绍： The Gerontologist, published since 1961, is a bimonthly journal of The Gerontological Society of America that provides a multidisciplinary perspective on human aging by publishing research and analysis on applied social issues. It informs the broad community of disciplines and professions involved in understanding the aging process and providing care to older people. Articles should include a conceptual framework and testable hypotheses. Implications for policy or practice should be highlighted. The Gerontologist publishes quantitative and qualitative research and encourages manuscript submissions of various types including: research articles, intervention research, review articles, measurement articles, forums, and brief reports. Book and media reviews, International Spotlights, and award-winning lectures are commissioned by the editors.