From sleep to sip? Examining a daily model of sleep and trauma-related drinking among sexual violence survivors.

Abstract

Objective: Alcohol misuse is common among women who have experienced sexual violence and is often attributed to the self-medication model of alcohol use to alleviate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Despite the proximal theorized role of PTSD symptoms, less attention has been given to daily associations between PTSD symptoms, trauma-related drinking to cope (TRD) motives, and ensuing alcohol use by survivors. Moreover, despite indications that poor sleep impacts affective functioning and may exacerbate daily PTSD symptoms, the role of sleep duration and quality in drinking to cope with PTSD symptoms is not well understood. This study examined an integrated model testing whether shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality predict greater daily PTSD symptoms and, in turn, greater alcohol use later that day through TRD motives.

Method: Participants were 82 cisgender women (M_age = 22.8, 73.2% White, 13.4% Hispanic/Latina, 56.1% heterosexual, 30.5% bisexual) who had experienced sexual violence. Participants completed ecological momentary assessment measures and wore actigraphs for 3 weeks.

Results: Contrary to hypotheses, shorter-than-usual sleep duration did not predict greater alcohol use quantity via daily PTSD symptoms and TRD motives. However, poorer-than-usual sleep quality predicted greater PTSD symptoms that day, which in turn predicted greater same-day TRD motives.

Conclusions: Findings underscore the importance of sleep quality in heightened PTSD symptoms but suggest survivors did not drink more to alleviate trauma-related distress. Future research should examine other drinking motives among survivors to inform proximal interventions to prevent alcohol misuse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).