Traumatic anterior fracture dislocation of the humeral head. A rare case report.

Abstract

Introduction: Anterior fracture dislocation of the humerus with an anatomical neck fracture is an uncommon injury. These injuries pose a significant risk of devastating complications, such as avascular necrosis of the humeral head, due to the poor vascularization of the area, and stiffness resulting from prolonged immobilization.

Clinical presentation: We report a case of a 20-year-old female who was involved in a motor vehicle crash and sustained an anterior fracture dislocation of the humerus with an anatomical neck fracture. The injury was successfully managed with open reduction and internal fixation using a plate and screws. Given the rarity of this type of injury, this case provides valuable insights into its management and prognosis.

Discussion: Proximal humeral fractures are common injuries, although fractures at the level of the anatomical neck are less common in orthopedic traumatology. The management of these injuries is guided by factors such as fracture morphology, displacement, potential disruption to blood supply, bone quality, patient's age, and functional demands. Various surgical management strategies have been proposed, emphasizing early intervention to minimize the risk of complications.

Conclusion: This case aims to highlight the importance of the value of early operative intervention, good anatomic reduction with stable fixation, and the importance of early mobilization of the shoulder to achieve favorable outcomes and minimize complications such as stiffness in patients with this type of injury.