Word form generalization across voices: The role of infant sleep

IF 1.8 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Margherita Belia , Tamar Keren-Portnoy, Marilyn Vihman
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Abstract

Infant sleep plays a crucial role in various aspects of language development, including the generalization of visual and auditory stimuli. The relative role of daytime naps and nocturnal sleep in these memory generalization processes is debated, with some studies observing significant generalization following a post-encoding nap and others observing it following nocturnal sleep, but only in cases where a post-encoding nap had occurred on the previous day. We conducted an online experiment with 8-month-old infants to determine whether a nap immediately following auditory exposure to words spoken by one talker enhances infants’ recognition of the same word forms produced by a different talker (i.e., word form generalization). This ability involves the extraction of constant auditory features from a pool of variable auditory instances and thus is an example of memory generalization. Results revealed a significant increase in word form generalization after a night’s sleep, specifically in infants who napped shortly after initial exposure to the words. This study provides the first evidence for the combined role of post-encoding naps and nocturnal sleep in phonological learning across different acoustic contexts. Phonological learning is frequently overlooked in research about word learning; however, prior to a child’s ability to associate words and their meanings and to use language referentially they must first encode and access the phonological forms of words and recognize them in running speech. Therefore, the findings from this study contribute significantly to our understanding of vocabulary acquisition by highlighting the importance of daytime naps in phonological learning.
跨声音的词形泛化:婴儿睡眠的作用
婴儿睡眠在语言发展的各个方面都起着至关重要的作用,包括视觉和听觉刺激的泛化。白天小睡和夜间睡眠在这些记忆泛化过程中的相对作用还存在争议,一些研究观察到编码后小睡后的记忆泛化效果显著,而另一些研究观察到夜间睡眠后的记忆泛化效果显著,但仅限于前一天编码后小睡的情况。我们以 8 个月大的婴儿为对象进行了一项在线实验,以确定在听力接触一个说话者所说的单词后立即小睡是否会增强婴儿对不同说话者所说的相同单词形式的识别能力(即单词形式泛化)。这种能力涉及从可变的听觉实例中提取恒定的听觉特征,因此是记忆泛化的一个例子。研究结果表明,经过一夜睡眠后,词形泛化能力明显增强,特别是在初次接触单词后不久打盹的婴儿中。这项研究首次证明了编码后小睡和夜间睡眠在不同声学语境中对语音学习的共同作用。语音学习在有关单词学习的研究中经常被忽视;然而,在儿童能够联想单词及其含义并有针对性地使用语言之前,他们必须首先编码和访问单词的语音形式,并在运行的语音中识别它们。因此,本研究的结果通过强调白天小睡在语音学习中的重要性,极大地促进了我们对词汇学习的理解。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
7.70%
发文量
190
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Child Psychology is an excellent source of information concerning all aspects of the development of children. It includes empirical psychological research on cognitive, social/emotional, and physical development. In addition, the journal periodically publishes Special Topic issues.
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