{"title":"Chemical Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Fine Particulate Matter from Typical Emission Source in Xi’an, Northwestern China","authors":"Ziqi Meng, Yan Xing, Xin Zhang, Shaomin Niu, Weihua Tian, Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s41810-024-00235-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To establish and complete the source profile of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in a Chinese megacity- Xi’an, the morphology, chemical characteristics and health risks of PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from different sources were explored. In this study, scanning electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, ion chromatograph and carbon analyzer were utilized to analyze and determine the source emission PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples. The results showed that PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from stationary source was mostly regular spherical, while the dust including soil wind dust and urban dust was practically irregular and with large size. PM<sub>2.5</sub> of mobile source was aggregated porous carbonaceous particles, and of biomass burning was floc or lamellar. Si was regarded as the marker of soil wind dust PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Si and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> accounted for a relatively high proportion in urban dust PM<sub>2.5</sub> (52.2% and 27.9%). Ca could be used as the tracer of construction cement dust due to its high mass fraction. Compared to other sources, mobile source showed higher NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> proportion while biomass burning was dominated by Na and K. Attributed to relatively higher OC/EC in Xi’an than other cities, the secondary pollution was more serious. The health risk assessment results showed that the risk of Cr through inhalation route was 10<sup>− 6</sup>~10<sup>− 4</sup> for a stationary source, which was over the threshold. In particular, the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk of children were all higher than adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"8 4","pages":"468 - 481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41810-024-00235-7","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
To establish and complete the source profile of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in a Chinese megacity- Xi’an, the morphology, chemical characteristics and health risks of PM2.5 emitted from different sources were explored. In this study, scanning electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, ion chromatograph and carbon analyzer were utilized to analyze and determine the source emission PM2.5 samples. The results showed that PM2.5 emitted from stationary source was mostly regular spherical, while the dust including soil wind dust and urban dust was practically irregular and with large size. PM2.5 of mobile source was aggregated porous carbonaceous particles, and of biomass burning was floc or lamellar. Si was regarded as the marker of soil wind dust PM2.5. Si and SO42− accounted for a relatively high proportion in urban dust PM2.5 (52.2% and 27.9%). Ca could be used as the tracer of construction cement dust due to its high mass fraction. Compared to other sources, mobile source showed higher NO3− proportion while biomass burning was dominated by Na and K. Attributed to relatively higher OC/EC in Xi’an than other cities, the secondary pollution was more serious. The health risk assessment results showed that the risk of Cr through inhalation route was 10− 6~10− 4 for a stationary source, which was over the threshold. In particular, the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk of children were all higher than adults.
期刊介绍：
ASE is an international journal that publishes high-quality papers, communications, and discussion that advance aerosol science and engineering. Acceptable article forms include original research papers, review articles, letters, commentaries, news and views, research highlights, editorials, correspondence, and new-direction columns. ASE emphasizes the application of aerosol technology to both environmental and technical issues, and it provides a platform not only for basic research but also for industrial interests. We encourage scientists and researchers to submit papers that will advance our knowledge of aerosols and highlight new approaches for aerosol studies and new technologies for pollution control. ASE promotes cutting-edge studies of aerosol science and state-of-art instrumentation, but it is not limited to academic topics and instead aims to bridge the gap between basic science and industrial applications. ASE accepts papers covering a broad range of aerosol-related topics, including aerosol physical and chemical properties, composition, formation, transport and deposition, numerical simulation of air pollution incidents, chemical processes in the atmosphere, aerosol control technologies and industrial applications. In addition, ASE welcomes papers involving new and advanced methods and technologies that focus on aerosol pollution, sampling and analysis, including the invention and development of instrumentation, nanoparticle formation, nano technology, indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring, air pollution control, and air pollution remediation and feasibility assessments.
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