TEM-EELS analysis reveals the W-atom mediated radiation-induced amorphization in M23C6

IF 2.8 2区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Nuclear Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155439

Sho Kano , Huilong Yang , Masami Ando , Dai Hamaguchi , Takashi Nozawa , Hiroyasu Tanigawa , Kenta Yoshida , Tamaki Shibayama , Hiroaki Abe

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Abstract

To gain a mechanistic understanding of the phase stability of M₂₃C₆ upon irradiation, the bulk W-doped M₂₃C₆ (Cr-W-C system) in the range of 0–12 at.% W concentration was prepared and subjected to helium beam irradiation, following with a thorough electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis. Radiation-induced amorphization (RIA) was observed only at the 4 W sample with a W concentration of ∼12 at.%. Analysis of the low-loss spectrum showed that the inelastic mean free path (λ) could be applied an effective indicator of the presence of an amorphous phase. The white line ratio of the carbon K-edge spectrum showed that the chemical bonding state in the crystalline state is mainly 2p^3/2 bonding, and it changes to dominantly 2p^1/2 bonding accompanying with the crystal-to-amorphous (c-a) transition. Discussion on the relationship between the change in λ (Δλ) and the lattice parameter (Δa) due to irradiation reveals that Δa is not dependent on Δλ, indicating that Δλ is mainly caused by the volume expansion due to the c-a transition. In addition, a crystalline state is remained even after a lattice parameter change of ∼1.5 % in 0 W and 1W-samples, whereas, a lattice expansion of ∼0.2 % would trigger the occurrence of crystal-to-amorphous transition in the 4W-sample. The detailed EELS analysis demonstrated that the constitutional W atoms play an important role in facilitating the occurrence of RIA in M₂₃C₆, that is, the phase instability accompanying the lattice expansion due to irradiation was emphasized by the addition of W in M₂₃C₆. The insights obtained here suggest that a higher W concentration in M₂₃C₆ is more susceptible to RIA, and therefore the resistance to amorphization is achievable by decreasing the W concentration in the steels.

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TEM-EELS 分析揭示了 M23C6 中由 W 原子介导的辐射诱导非晶化现象

为了从机理上了解 M23C6 在辐照下的相稳定性，制备了 W 浓度在 0-12 at.% 之间的掺 W M23C6（Cr-W-C 系统），并对其进行了氦束辐照，随后进行了全面的电子能量损失光谱（EELS）分析。仅在 W 浓度为 ∼12 at.% 的 4 W 样品中观察到辐射诱导的非晶化（RIA）。对低损耗光谱的分析表明，非弹性平均自由路径（λ）可作为非晶相存在的有效指标。碳 K 边光谱的白线比显示，晶体态的化学键状态主要是 2p3/2 键，随着晶体到非晶态（c-a）的转变，化学键状态变为主要是 2p1/2 键。讨论辐照引起的 λ 变化（Δλ）与晶格参数（Δa）之间的关系发现，Δa 与 Δλ 无关，这表明Δλ 主要是由 c-a 转变引起的体积膨胀造成的。此外，在 0W 和 1W 样品中，即使晶格参数变化了 ∼1.5 %，晶体状态仍然存在，而在 4W 样品中，晶格膨胀 ∼0.2 % 会引发晶体到非晶态的转变。详细的 EELS 分析表明，W 原子在促进 M23C6 中发生 RIA 的过程中发挥了重要作用，也就是说，M23C6 中添加 W 后，辐照引起的晶格膨胀所伴随的相不稳定性得到了强调。本文的研究结果表明，M23C6 中的 W 浓度越高，越容易发生 RIA，因此可以通过降低钢中的 W 浓度来抵抗非晶化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Nuclear Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

25.80%

发文量

601

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Nuclear Materials publishes high quality papers in materials research for nuclear applications, primarily fission reactors, fusion reactors, and similar environments including radiation areas of charged particle accelerators. Both original research and critical review papers covering experimental, theoretical, and computational aspects of either fundamental or applied nature are welcome. The breadth of the field is such that a wide range of processes and properties in the field of materials science and engineering is of interest to the readership, spanning atom-scale processes, microstructures, thermodynamics, mechanical properties, physical properties, and corrosion, for example. Topics covered by JNM Fission reactor materials, including fuels, cladding, core structures, pressure vessels, coolant interactions with materials, moderator and control components, fission product behavior. Materials aspects of the entire fuel cycle. Materials aspects of the actinides and their compounds. Performance of nuclear waste materials; materials aspects of the immobilization of wastes. Fusion reactor materials, including first walls, blankets, insulators and magnets. Neutron and charged particle radiation effects in materials, including defects, transmutations, microstructures, phase changes and macroscopic properties. Interaction of plasmas, ion beams, electron beams and electromagnetic radiation with materials relevant to nuclear systems.