Heart disease prediction using autoencoder and DenseNet architecture

Abstract

Heart disease continues to be a prominent cause of death globally, emphasizing the critical requirement for precise prediction techniques and prompt therapies. This research presents a new method that utilizes the collective capabilities of autoencoder and DenseNet architectures to predict heart illness. Our study is based on the Heart Disease UCI Cleveland dataset, which includes 13 variables that cover clinical and demographic parameters such as age, sex, cholesterol levels, and exercise-induced angina. The dataset presents issues due to its varied attribute types, including category and numerical variables. Furthermore, our approach tackles these difficulties by utilizing a dense autoencoder model, which produced exceptional outcomes. The Model attained a mean accuracy of 99.67% on the Heart Disease UCI Cleveland dataset. Further testing showed it was resilient, with a test accuracy of 99.99%. In addition, the Model demonstrated outstanding macro precision, macro recall, and macro F1 score, with percentages of 99.98%, 99.97%, and 99.96%, respectively. In addition, our results indicate that combining autoencoder and DenseNet designs shows potential for predicting cardiac disease, with substantial enhancements in accuracy and performance metrics compared to current approaches. This methodology can improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes in cardiovascular care by accurately finding and defining complex patterns within the data. Notwithstanding these encouraging outcomes, our investigation has constraints. The specific attributes of the dataset utilized may limit the applicability of our findings. Subsequent studies could examine the suitability of our method for various datasets and analyze supplementary variables that may improve forecast precision. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct prospective validation studies to evaluate our strategy’s practical effectiveness in clinical environments.