Gas permeability and gamma ray shielding properties of concrete for nuclear applications

IF 1.9 3区工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Nuclear Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2024.113616

Daria Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka , Marta Choinska Colombel , Aneta Brachaczek , Mariusz Dąbrowski , Jakub Ośko , Michał Kuć

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Abstract

Concrete used in nuclear applications faces significant durability challenges due to degradation from radiation, thermal stresses, and chemical reactions. These issues highlight the critical need for impermeable concrete shields to prevent radioactive leaks and protect against harmful radiation. This study examines how concrete composition affects gas permeability and gamma radiation shielding properties. Three coarse aggregates—amphibolite (reference), magnetite, and serpentine—and two cement types (ordinary and slag) were tested, with concrete densities ranging from 2309 to 3538 kg/m³. Gas permeability was measured using a Cembureau-type constant head permeameter, and gamma shielding was assessed through the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) and half-value layer (HVL) at ¹³⁷Cs decay energies. The results revealed significant variations in gas permeability and gamma ray shielding based on aggregate and cement type, with observable relationships between gas permeability, HVL, and concrete density. The results obtained from the presented research will contribute to increasing the safety, durability and cost-effectiveness of concrete constructions and maintenance of nuclear facilities.

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核用混凝土的气体渗透性和伽马射线屏蔽性能

由于辐射、热应力和化学反应造成的降解，核应用中使用的混凝土面临着重大的耐久性挑战。这些问题凸显了对防渗混凝土屏蔽的迫切需求，以防止放射性泄漏并抵御有害辐射。本研究探讨了混凝土成分如何影响气体渗透性和伽马辐射屏蔽性能。测试了三种粗骨料--闪长岩（参考）、磁铁矿和蛇纹石，以及两种水泥类型（普通水泥和矿渣水泥），混凝土密度范围为 2309 至 3538 kg/m3。使用 Cembureau 型恒定水头渗透仪测量了气体渗透性，并通过 137Cs 衰变能量下的线性衰减系数 (µ) 和半值层 (HVL) 评估了伽马屏蔽。研究结果表明，骨料和水泥类型不同，气体渗透率和伽马射线屏蔽率也有很大差异，气体渗透率、HVL 和混凝土密度之间的关系也很明显。本研究取得的成果将有助于提高核设施混凝土建造和维护的安全性、耐久性和成本效益。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nuclear Engineering and Design 工程技术-核科学技术

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

11.80%

发文量

377

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Nuclear Engineering and Design covers the wide range of disciplines involved in the engineering, design, safety and construction of nuclear fission reactors. The Editors welcome papers both on applied and innovative aspects and developments in nuclear science and technology. Fundamentals of Reactor Design include: • Thermal-Hydraulics and Core Physics • Safety Analysis, Risk Assessment (PSA) • Structural and Mechanical Engineering • Materials Science • Fuel Behavior and Design • Structural Plant Design • Engineering of Reactor Components • Experiments Aspects beyond fundamentals of Reactor Design covered: • Accident Mitigation Measures • Reactor Control Systems • Licensing Issues • Safeguard Engineering • Economy of Plants • Reprocessing / Waste Disposal • Applications of Nuclear Energy • Maintenance • Decommissioning Papers on new reactor ideas and developments (Generation IV reactors) such as inherently safe modular HTRs, High Performance LWRs/HWRs and LMFBs/GFR will be considered; Actinide Burners, Accelerator Driven Systems, Energy Amplifiers and other special designs of power and research reactors and their applications are also encouraged.