Physico-thermal and geochemical behavior and alteration of the Au indicator gangue hydrothermal quartz at the Kubi Gold ore deposits

IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Gabriel K. Nzulu, Lina Rogström, Jun Lu, Hans Högberg, Per Eklund, Lars Hultman, Martin Magnuson
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Abstract

Altered and gangue quartz in hydrothermal veins from the Kubi Gold deposit in Dunkwa on Offin in the central region of Ghana are investigated for possible Au-associated indicator minerals and to provide the understanding and increase the knowledge of the mineral hosting and alteration processes in quartz. X-ray diffraction, air annealing furnace, differential scanning calorimetry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have been applied on different quartz types outcropping from surface and bedrocks at the Kubi Gold Mining to reveal the material properties at different temperatures. From the diffraction results of the fresh and annealed quartz samples, we find that the samples contain indicator and the impurity minerals iron disulfide, biotite, titanium oxide, and magnetite. These minerals, under oxidation process between 574 and 1400 °C temperatures experienced hematite alterations and a transformation from α-quartz to β-quartz and further to cristobalite as observed from the calorimetry scans for hydrothermally exposed materials. The energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed elemental components of Fe, S, Mg, K, Al, Ti, Na, Si, O, and Ca contained in the samples, and these are attributed to the impurity phase minerals observed in the diffraction. The findings also suggest that during the hydrothermal flow regime, impurity minerals and metals can be trapped by voids and faults. Under favorable temperature conditions, the trapped minerals can be altered to change color at different depositional stages by oxidation and reduction processes leading to hematite alteration which is a useful indicator minerals in mineral exploration.

Abstract Image

库比金矿床金指示剂煤矸石热液石英的物理-热学和地球化学行为及蚀变作用
对加纳中部地区奥芬河畔敦夸的库比金矿床热液矿脉中的蚀变石英和矸石石英进行了研究,以寻找可能的金相关指示矿物,并了解和增加有关石英中矿物寄存和蚀变过程的知识。对库比金矿地表和基岩出露的不同类型石英采用了 X 射线衍射、空气退火炉、差示扫描量热仪、能量色散 X 射线光谱仪和透射电子显微镜,以揭示不同温度下的材料特性。从新鲜和退火石英样品的衍射结果来看,我们发现样品中含有指示剂和杂质矿物二硫化铁、生物铁、氧化钛和磁铁矿。这些矿物在 574 至 1400 °C 的氧化过程中发生了赤铁矿化,并从α-石英转变为β-石英,然后进一步转变为霞石。能量色散光谱显示了样品中含有的 Fe、S、Mg、K、Al、Ti、Na、Si、O 和 Ca 等元素成分,这些元素可归因于衍射中观察到的杂相矿物。研究结果还表明,在热液流动过程中,杂质矿物和金属会被空隙和断层困住。在有利的温度条件下,被截留的矿物会在不同的沉积阶段通过氧化和还原过程改变颜色,从而导致赤铁矿蚀变,这是矿产勘探中一种有用的指示矿物。
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来源期刊
Journal of African Earth Sciences
Journal of African Earth Sciences 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
4.30%
发文量
240
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of African Earth Sciences sees itself as the prime geological journal for all aspects of the Earth Sciences about the African plate. Papers dealing with peripheral areas are welcome if they demonstrate a tight link with Africa. The Journal publishes high quality, peer-reviewed scientific papers. It is devoted primarily to research papers but short communications relating to new developments of broad interest, reviews and book reviews will also be considered. Papers must have international appeal and should present work of more regional than local significance and dealing with well identified and justified scientific questions. Specialised technical papers, analytical or exploration reports must be avoided. Papers on applied geology should preferably be linked to such core disciplines and must be addressed to a more general geoscientific audience.
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