Silver Linings: A principle-based concept analysis examining the emergence of positive changes that accompany adversity

Abstract

Background

Silver linings are commonly referenced in healthcare, yet rarely defined. Researchers have defined similar phenomena related to personal growth accompanying a challenge. Despite increased use in the literature, the meaning of the concept remains ambiguous.

Objective

To define the concept of silver linings through a principle-based concept analysis.

Methods

Using a principle-based concept analysis framework, records (n = 1513) were retrieved through MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Plus. Eligibility criteria narrowed the field to 582 abstracts. The research team screened the resulting abstracts for relevance and selected 92 articles (1966 to 2022) for full review. After review, 32 articles were included for detailed thematic principle-based quality appraisals, of which 27 met final criteria. Preconditions, characteristics, similarities to related concepts, and outcomes were collected, analyzed, and synthesized to formulate a theoretical definition.

Results

Articles originated from 19 countries with conceptual commonalities that described silver linings, post-traumatic growth, and benefit finding. The pre-condition included an adverse event or series of challenging events, which led to a personal, paradoxical, and surprising awareness. Derived themes included pattern shifting, connection, and opportunities, with sub-themes described. Outcomes or consequences were related to improved coping, engagement in care, mental health, goal attainment, and ultimately, a new normal. Creative strategies to support the emergence and awareness of silver linings are presented.

Conclusion

Our definition of silver linings creates a foundation for future research to examine how they interact with health outcomes of people experiencing adversity, including chronic illness, mental health challenges, or acute traumatic events.