Comprehensive Analysis of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles: Challenges, Powertrain Configurations, and Energy Management Systems

IF 3.4 3区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

IEEE Access Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3472704

Md Shahin Munsi;Ravi P. Joshi

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Abstract

Rising concerns about fuel costs, emissions, oil depletion, and energy security have propelled the search for alternative energy sources in transportation. Electric vehicles are a crucial development in this direction, and fuel cell technology is gaining traction for its versatility and potential benefits. Fuel cells have become increasingly attractive for automobile owing to their ease of use, quiet operation, superior efficiency, modular design, and reliance on clean hydrogen. However, challenges remain, including hydrogen storage, high costs, integration with power electronics, and cold-start capabilities, which continue to impede the widespread adoption of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). This study critically examines these key issues, explores various fuel cell technologies and drivetrain architectures, and provides a comparative analysis of different energy storage systems. Furthermore, the study delves into the classification and evaluation of energy management strategies (EMS) for FCEVs. The review ultimately aims to stimulate further research focused on reducing costs, extending fuel cell lifespan, enhancing hydrogen infrastructure, optimizing electronic interfaces, and refining EMS to pave the way for the future of FCEVs.

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燃料电池电动汽车综合分析：挑战、动力总成配置和能源管理系统

人们对燃料成本、排放、石油枯竭和能源安全的担忧与日俱增，这推动了人们在交通领域寻找替代能源。电动汽车是这一方向的重要发展，而燃料电池技术因其多功能性和潜在优势正日益受到重视。燃料电池因其使用方便、运行安静、效率卓越、模块化设计以及依赖清洁氢气等优点，对汽车的吸引力与日俱增。然而，燃料电池电动汽车（FCEV）的广泛应用仍然面临各种挑战，包括氢气储存、高成本、与电力电子设备的集成以及冷启动能力。本研究对这些关键问题进行了批判性研究，探讨了各种燃料电池技术和动力传动系统架构，并对不同的储能系统进行了比较分析。此外，研究还深入探讨了 FCEV 能源管理策略（EMS）的分类和评估。综述的最终目的是促进进一步的研究，重点是降低成本、延长燃料电池寿命、加强氢基础设施、优化电子接口和完善 EMS，为未来的 FCEV 铺平道路。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Access COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMSENGIN-ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

7.70%

发文量

6673

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： IEEE Access® is a multidisciplinary, open access (OA), applications-oriented, all-electronic archival journal that continuously presents the results of original research or development across all of IEEE''s fields of interest. IEEE Access will publish articles that are of high interest to readers, original, technically correct, and clearly presented. Supported by author publication charges (APC), its hallmarks are a rapid peer review and publication process with open access to all readers. Unlike IEEE''s traditional Transactions or Journals, reviews are "binary", in that reviewers will either Accept or Reject an article in the form it is submitted in order to achieve rapid turnaround. Especially encouraged are submissions on: Multidisciplinary topics, or applications-oriented articles and negative results that do not fit within the scope of IEEE''s traditional journals. Practical articles discussing new experiments or measurement techniques, interesting solutions to engineering. Development of new or improved fabrication or manufacturing techniques. Reviews or survey articles of new or evolving fields oriented to assist others in understanding the new area.