Carbazole-isonicotinoyl Hydrazone and Its Structurally Distinct Zinc(II) Complexes as Reversible Mechanochromic, Mechanofluorochromic, and Acidochromic Smart Materials

IF 3.3 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c02928

Himani Sharma, Tarkeshwar Maddeshiya, Mrituanjay D. Pandey, Rampal Pandey

{"title":"Carbazole-isonicotinoyl Hydrazone and Its Structurally Distinct Zinc(II) Complexes as Reversible Mechanochromic, Mechanofluorochromic, and Acidochromic Smart Materials","authors":"Himani Sharma, Tarkeshwar Maddeshiya, Mrituanjay D. Pandey, Rampal Pandey","doi":"10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c02928","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"A new donor–acceptor type hydrazone (HL), namely, (E)-N′-((9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide comprising carbazole as donor and isonicotinoyl group as acceptor unit and its two Zn(II)-complexes 1 and 2 have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectral techniques. Complexes 1 and 2 have been synthesized using the same ligand, HL, and zinc metal ion by treating ZnCl2 and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, respectively. The structure of HL was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Comprehensive photophysical properties of HL, 1, and 2 revealed remarkable reversible mechanochromic luminescent behavior of HL and 1 on grinding, whereas 2 remains nonresponsive toward mechanical force stimuli. Notably, under UV light irradiation (365 nm), the solid-state emission color of pristine HL changes from blue to yellowish green after grinding, while the luminescence color of 1 transforms from yellow to orange. In addition, HL and 1-2 also exhibit acidochromic behavior on exposure to HCl/NH3 vapors. Notably, the mechanofluorochromism and the acidochromism of HL and 1 have been thoroughly studied by PXRD, TGA, and DSC studies and fluorescence lifetime measurements. Further, the structural chemistry involved in these behaviors has been thoroughly explored and emphasized that even a small structural variation can significantly alter the photophysical properties of organic and inorganic materials.","PeriodicalId":61,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry C","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry C","FirstCategoryId":"1","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c02928","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

A new donor–acceptor type hydrazone (HL), namely, (E)-N′-((9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide comprising carbazole as donor and isonicotinoyl group as acceptor unit and its two Zn(II)-complexes 1 and 2 have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and mass spectral techniques. Complexes 1 and 2 have been synthesized using the same ligand, HL, and zinc metal ion by treating ZnCl₂ and Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, respectively. The structure of HL was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Comprehensive photophysical properties of HL, 1, and 2 revealed remarkable reversible mechanochromic luminescent behavior of HL and 1 on grinding, whereas 2 remains nonresponsive toward mechanical force stimuli. Notably, under UV light irradiation (365 nm), the solid-state emission color of pristine HL changes from blue to yellowish green after grinding, while the luminescence color of 1 transforms from yellow to orange. In addition, HL and 1-2 also exhibit acidochromic behavior on exposure to HCl/NH₃ vapors. Notably, the mechanofluorochromism and the acidochromism of HL and 1 have been thoroughly studied by PXRD, TGA, and DSC studies and fluorescence lifetime measurements. Further, the structural chemistry involved in these behaviors has been thoroughly explored and emphasized that even a small structural variation can significantly alter the photophysical properties of organic and inorganic materials.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

作为可逆机械变色、机械氟变色和酸变色智能材料的咔唑-异烟酰腙及其结构不同的锌（II）配合物

本研究合成了一种新的供体-受体型腙（HL），即(E)-N′-((9-乙基-9H-咔唑-3-基)亚甲基)异烟酰肼，该腙以咔唑为供体，以异烟酰基为受体单元，并通过元素分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱、1H 和 13C NMR 以及质谱技术对其进行了表征。配合物 1 和 2 是使用相同的配体 HL 和锌金属离子，分别通过处理 ZnCl2 和 Zn(NO3)2-6H2O 合成的。单晶 X 射线衍射分析证实了 HL 的结构。HL、1 和 2 的综合光物理性质表明，HL 和 1 在研磨时具有显著的可逆机械变色发光行为，而 2 则对机械力刺激无反应。值得注意的是，在紫外光（365 纳米）照射下，研磨后原始 HL 的固态发射颜色从蓝色变为黄绿色，而 1 的发光颜色则从黄色变为橙色。此外，在接触 HCl/NH3 蒸汽时，HL 和 1-2 还表现出酸性变色行为。值得注意的是，我们通过 PXRD、TGA 和 DSC 研究以及荧光寿命测量，对 HL 和 1 的机械荧光变色和酸性变色进行了深入研究。此外，还深入探讨了这些行为所涉及的结构化学性质，并强调即使是微小的结构变化也能显著改变有机和无机材料的光物理性质。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 化学-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

8.10%

发文量

2047

审稿时长

1.8 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/B/C is devoted to reporting new and original experimental and theoretical basic research of interest to physical chemists, biophysical chemists, and chemical physicists.